Nokea
Dopamine intravenous infusion is used in the treatment of:
- A. Parkinsonism
- B. Hemorrhagic shock
- C. Acute attack of bronchial asthma
- D. Acute attack of psychosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale for choice B (Hemorrhagic shock): Dopamine is used in hemorrhagic shock to increase blood pressure by stimulating the heart and blood vessel constriction. Dopamine is not used for Parkinsonism, bronchial asthma, or psychosis as these conditions do not involve circulatory shock.
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Which of the following should the nurse advise a client with diabetes insipidus in order to reduce fluid loss?
- A. Remain in air-conditioned areas during hot and humid weather
- B. Avoid any activity
- C. Emphasize compliance with drug therapy
- D. Avoid a high-protein diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Emphasizing compliance with drug therapy, such as desmopressin, is critical to reduce fluid loss in clients with diabetes insipidus.
What is the speed of the wave?
- A. 1.5cm/s
- B. 3.0cm/s
- C. 300 cm/s
- D. 600 cm/s
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 600 cm/s. The speed of a wave is determined by the formula speed = frequency x wavelength. Given that the frequency and wavelength are constant, the only way to increase the speed is to increase the frequency or the wavelength. Since both frequency and wavelength are fixed, the speed can only be increased by increasing both. Choice D, 600 cm/s, is double the speed of choice C, 300 cm/s, which indicates that both frequency and wavelength have been doubled, leading to the correct answer. Choices A and B are too low to be correct, as they are not consistent with the principles of wave speed calculation.
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
- A. Growth hormone and prolactin.
- B. Prolactin and oxytocin.
- C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
- D. ADH and growth hormone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, also known as vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the posterior pituitary does not store or release growth hormone or prolactin.
The posterior pituitary gland receives hormone messages from the hypothalamus via ________.
- A. a capillary network
- B. neurons that extend from the hypothalamus to the pituitary
- C. Schwann cells
- D. both a and b
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: neurons that extend from the hypothalamus to the pituitary. The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. This communication is facilitated by specialized neurons that extend from the hypothalamus to the pituitary, forming the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. These neurons release hormones into the bloodstream, which then reach the posterior pituitary gland and stimulate the release of its stored hormones. Choice A is incorrect because the posterior pituitary does not directly receive messages through a capillary network. Choice C is incorrect as Schwann cells are responsible for myelinating peripheral nerves, not hormone communication. Choice D is incorrect because while the hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland through neurons, it does not involve a capillary network.
In relation to noradrenaline, all of the following are true EXCEPT:
- A. It stimulates α and β receptors
- B. It decreases heart rate
- C. It decreases blood pressure
- D. Causes vasoconstriction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
- Noradrenaline stimulates both α and β receptors, leading to increased heart rate and vasoconstriction.
- It does not decrease heart rate; it actually increases heart rate due to its actions on β receptors.
- Noradrenaline causes vasoconstriction by activating α receptors, leading to increased blood pressure.
- The incorrect statement is C, as noradrenaline actually increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.