Nokea
A patient who recently had a calcium oxalate renal stone had a bone density study, which showed a decrease in her bone density. What endocrine problem could this patient have?
- A. SIADH
- B. Cushing syndrome
- C. Hypothyroidism
- D. Hyperparathyroidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism can lead to bone demineralization, which may cause a decrease in bone density, and is often associated with kidney stones.
You may also like to solve these questions
Excess insulin is most apt to cause:
- A. ketosis.
- B. hypoglycemia.
- C. hypertension.
- D. diuresis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess insulin leads to increased glucose uptake by cells, causing a drop in blood sugar levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. This can lead to symptoms like confusion, sweating, and weakness. Ketosis (A) is caused by low insulin levels, hypertension (C) is not directly related to excess insulin, and diuresis (D) is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus.
Which of the Following Hormones Are Expected to Increase in the Body After Consuming a Banana Split?
- A. Prolactin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Insulin
- D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Insulin) is correct:
1. A banana split is high in carbohydrates and sugar.
2. Consuming carbohydrates and sugar triggers an increase in blood glucose levels.
3. Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells for energy.
4. Therefore, after consuming a banana split, insulin levels in the body are expected to increase to regulate blood glucose levels.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- A: Prolactin is a hormone involved in lactation and is not directly related to consuming a banana split.
- B: Glucagon is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar, opposite of what is expected after consuming a banana split.
- D: Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism and is not directly influenced by consuming a banana split.
Which glands are responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
- A. Parathyroid and thyroid
- B. Adrenal medulla and pancreas
- C. Testes
- D. Parathyroid and thymus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid and thyroid. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines and releasing calcium from bones. The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which helps lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones. The other choices (B: Adrenal medulla and pancreas, C: Testes, D: Parathyroid and thymus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels in the blood.
Which row identifies the chemical product of the fuel cell and the type of energy used to power the vehicles?
- A. hydrogen, electrical
- B. hydrogen, thermal
- C. water, electrical
- D. water, thermal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in a fuel cell, the chemical product is water (H2O) produced from the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the energy used to power the vehicles is electrical energy generated from the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell. Choice A (hydrogen, electrical) is incorrect because hydrogen is the input fuel, not the output product. Choice B (hydrogen, thermal) is incorrect because thermal energy is not the primary form of energy produced in a fuel cell. Choice D (water, thermal) is incorrect because while water is the product, the energy produced is electrical, not thermal.
Which of the following drugs selectively stimulates β2 adrenoceptors:
- A. Adrenaline
- B. Noradrenaline
- C. Isoprenaline
- D. Salbutamol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Salbutamol. Salbutamol is a selective β2 adrenoceptor agonist. It has a higher affinity for β2 receptors compared to β1 receptors, leading to bronchodilation without significant effects on the heart. A: Adrenaline and C: Isoprenaline stimulate both β1 and β2 receptors, causing increased heart rate and bronchodilation. B: Noradrenaline stimulates α1, α2, and β1 receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. Therefore, salbutamol is the only drug that selectively stimulates β2 adrenoceptors, making it the correct choice.