Nokea
The bones, kidneys, and intestine are target organs of this calcium-regulator hormone.
- A. T3 and T4
- B. PTH
- C. ACTH
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: PTH. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium levels in the body by acting on bones, kidneys, and intestine. PTH stimulates release of calcium from bones, reabsorption of calcium in kidneys, and absorption of calcium in the intestine. T3 and T4 are thyroid hormones that do not directly regulate calcium levels. ACTH is adrenocorticotropic hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands. Oxytocin is a hormone involved in labor and lactation, not calcium regulation.
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The largest endocrine gland(s) that makes 3 hormones that affect the metabolism is the:
- A. pancreas
- B. adrenal glands
- C. thyroid gland
- D. pituitary gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland that produces 3 hormones (T3, T4, and calcitonin) that regulate metabolism. T3 and T4 control the body's metabolic rate, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. The pancreas (A) primarily produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. The adrenal glands (B) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to regulate stress response. The pituitary gland (D) controls various other endocrine glands but does not primarily produce hormones affecting metabolism.
Which of the following hormones come from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
- A. Inhibin
- B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- C. Triiodothyronine
- D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Inhibin is produced in the ovaries and testes, not the pituitary gland. Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, not the anterior lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it is the hormone that originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Peptide hormones function by binding to receptor proteins within the ________. Once the hormone binds to a receptor, it activates ______.
- A. cell: a second messenger
- B. cell: particular genes
- C. plasma membrane: a second messenger
- D. plasma membrane: particular genes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because peptide hormones typically bind to receptor proteins on the plasma membrane. This is because peptide hormones are not able to pass through the cell membrane due to their size and polarity. Once the hormone binds to the receptor on the plasma membrane, it activates a second messenger system within the cell, leading to various cellular responses.
Choice A is incorrect because peptide hormones do not bind directly to intracellular components like second messengers inside the cell. Choice B is incorrect because peptide hormones do not directly activate particular genes within the cell. Choice D is incorrect because peptide hormones do not bind directly to genes on the plasma membrane.
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.
A diabetic patient is found unconscious at home and a family member calls the clinic. After determining that a glucometer is not available, what should the nurse advise the family member to do?
- A. Have the patient drink some orange juice.
- B. Administer 10 U of regular insulin subcutaneously.
- C. Call for an ambulance to transport the patient to a medical facility.
- D. Administer glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the patient is unconscious and unable to swallow, glucagon should be administered to raise blood glucose levels safely.