Nokea
Identify a hormone that increases metabolic rate.
- A. thyroid hormone
- B. calcitonin
- C. aldosterone
- D. parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: thyroid hormone. The thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by increasing the body's metabolic rate. It accomplishes this by stimulating the production of proteins that control the rate at which cells use energy. Calcitonin (B) is involved in regulating calcium levels in the blood, not metabolic rate. Aldosterone (C) is a hormone that regulates electrolyte balance and blood pressure. Parathyroid hormone (D) regulates calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood, not metabolic rate. Thus, the correct choice is thyroid hormone as it directly affects metabolic rate.
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The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
- A. Growth hormone and prolactin.
- B. Prolactin and oxytocin.
- C. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
- D. ADH and growth hormone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, also known as vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the posterior pituitary does not store or release growth hormone or prolactin.
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.
You assess a patient with Cushing's disease. For which finding will you notify the physician immediately?
- A. Purple striae present on abdomen and thighs
- B. Weight gain of 1 pound since the previous day
- C. #ERROR!
- D. Crackles bilaterally in lower lobes of lungs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs may indicate fluid overload or heart failure, which requires immediate intervention, especially in a patient with Cushing's disease, who is at risk for fluid retention.
Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine:
- A. are all secreted by the adrenal gland.
- B. expand blood volume.
- C. raise blood glucose levels.
- D. stimulate osteoclastic activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: raise blood glucose levels. Glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine all work together to increase blood glucose levels through various mechanisms. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, growth hormone promotes gluconeogenesis, cortisol increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glucose uptake, and epinephrine triggers glycogen breakdown and inhibits insulin release. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because not all of these hormones are secreted by the adrenal gland, they do not directly expand blood volume, and they do not stimulate osteoclastic activity, respectively.
Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________.
- A. diabetes
- B. suppression of cancer
- C. giantism in children
- D. acromegally in adults
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess growth hormone suppresses cancer by promoting healthy cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Diabetes can result from growth hormone excess due to insulin resistance. Giantism in children and acromegaly in adults are both caused by excess growth hormone stimulating excessive skeletal and soft tissue growth. Therefore, the correct answer is B because excess growth hormone does not suppress cancer; it actually promotes cell growth and proliferation.