Nokea
The parents overhear that their child's tumor is stage III. They ask what that means. Which is the best response?
- A. The tumor is confined to the abdomen but has spread to lymph nodes or peritoneum; the prognosis is poor.
- B. The tumor is confined to the abdomen with spread to nearby lymph nodes or peritoneum; however, the prognosis remains very good.
- C. The tumor has spread to three other organs; the prognosis is good.
- D. The tumor has spread to other organs; the prognosis is poor.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stage III indicates local spread (e.g., to lymph nodes or peritoneum) but still carries a very good prognosis with appropriate treatment.
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What are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period called?
- A. Milia
- B. Lanugo
- C. Mongolian spots
- D. Cutis marmorata
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milia are distended sebaceous glands that appear as tiny white papules on the cheeks, chin, and nose in the newborn period. They are commonly found in newborns and usually resolve on their own without treatment. Milia are not harmful and are considered a normal physiological occurrence in newborns. Lanugo refers to fine, downy hair covering newborn infants, Mongolian spots are blue-grey birthmarks usually found on the lower back or buttocks of newborns, and Cutis marmorata is a vascular mottling of the skin in newborns.
The age by which the child can make a tower of 9 cubes and imitates circular stroke is
- A. 24 months
- B. 30 months
- C. 36 months
- D. 42 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This milestone is typically achieved around 36 months.
Which manifestation is more specific to occur in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) than other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?
- A. primary bone marrow involvement
- B. intestinal involvement
- C. CNS involvement
- D. primary mediastinal involvement
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary mediastinal involvement is a hallmark feature of ALCL.
The nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with AIDS about complications of the disease. Which of the following is the most common opportunistic infection in AIDS?
- A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- B. Toxoplasmosis
- C. Candidiasis
- D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection in individuals with AIDS. PCP is caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii). Patients with AIDS have compromised immune systems, making them susceptible to opportunistic infections like PCP. This infection can be life-threatening if not treated promptly with appropriate antibiotics. Symptoms of PCP include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Early recognition and treatment of PCP are crucial in patients with AIDS to prevent severe complications.
Gender identity disorder (GID) is characterized by intense and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s own sex. In early school-age children, the manifestation that is LEAST likely considered as GID is
- A. dressing as a member of the opposite sex (i.e., cross dressing)
- B. strong belief that one is the opposite sex
- C. exclusive preference for cross sex roles
- D. playing with toys designed for the opposite sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with toys designed for the opposite sex does not necessarily indicate GID, as it is a common exploratory behavior in childhood.