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The patient asks the nurse why generic drugs would be used and voices concerns that only the brand name product will be safe. What is the nurses best response?
- A. Generic drugs are often less expensive.
- B. Some quality control problems have been found with generic drugs.
- C. Most generic drugs are very safe and can be cost effective as well.
- D. Although initial cost is higher for a brand name it may cost less in the long run.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most generic medications are completely safe and may be identical to the brand name drug except generic medications are often less expensive, but this does not address the patients concern about safety. Although some quality control issues have occurred in the past, this does not address the patients concerns regarding safety or explain why generic drugs are prescribed and used. Although some doctors believe initial cost is higher but will cost less over time, this response also does not address the patients concerns.
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Which of the following is not hypoglicemic mechanism of action of metformin?
- A. Enhance insulin release by pancreatic beta cells
- B. Increase cell permeability of glucose and utilisation
- C. Decrease gluconeogenesis
- D. Interfere carbohydrate absorption in the gut
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metformin does not enhance insulin release; it improves insulin sensitivity and reduces hepatic glucose production.
A 52-year-old overweight woman presents to the clinic for a diabetes management. She had not been doing well controlling her blood sugars with metformin. Her last hemoglobin A1c was 13.4%, despite her taking her medication every day. The physician decides to start her on a long-acting insulin that is injected only once a day for better glucose control. Also, he wants the insulin to have a minimal risk of hypoglycemia. What is the most likely medication given to this patient?
- A. Insulin aspart
- B. Insulin glargine
- C. Insulin lispro
- D. NPH insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting, peakless insulin administered once daily, with a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared to other insulins.
The nurse admits a patient to the unit and learns the patient has recently been diagnosed with chronic renal failure but has not informed the primary care provider of this diagnosis. What is the nurse's first priority?
- A. Administer medications ordered immediately.
- B. Maintain the patient's confidentiality.
- C. Call the admitting physician immediately.
- D. Provide teaching about chronic renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Renal failure affects drug clearance; informing the physician ensures safe therapy adjustments.
A client newly diagnosed with diabetes tells the nurse, 'I can't take any insulin made from pigs or cows.' Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
- A. Most insulin comes from animal sources, but I'm sure alternative options are available.'
- B. Medications that are derived from animals are typically less expensive than synthetic medications, but synthetic insulin is commonly available.'
- C. Most insulin is synthetic now to help reduce the risk of disease transmission.'
- D. The animals aren't hurt in the production of medications, so you don't need to worry.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most insulin today is synthetic (e.g., recombinant DNA technology), reducing disease transmission risks and addressing patient concerns about animal sources effectively.
A patient comes to the ER having his quadriceps muscle constantly contracted, you should give him:
- A. Norepinephrine to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
- B. An antagonist for Norepinephrine
- C. Agonist for acetylcholine
- D. Both B and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both B and C are correct: a norepinephrine antagonist (e.g., beta-blocker) or acetylcholine agonist (e.g., to relax via parasympathetic action) could relieve muscle contraction.