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The patient made the following statement to the nurse, my doctor just told me that he cannot save my Leg and that I need to have an above-the-knee-amputation. Which response by the nurse is MOST APPROPRIATE?
- A. " Tell me more"
- B. "Dr. Benito is an excellent surgeon."
- C. "If I were you, I will get a second opinion."
- D. "Are you in pain?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is, "If I were you, I will get a second opinion." This response acknowledges the seriousness of the situation and the life-changing decision the patient has been told to make. Suggesting the patient seek a second opinion is essential as it encourages the patient to explore all options and ensures they have considered all possibilities before proceeding with a major surgery like an above-the-knee amputation. It shows the nurse's support for the patient while also advocating for the patient's right to make an informed decision about their healthcare.
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A nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric (NG) tube feeding for a patient. What action should the nurse prioritize before initiating tube feeding?
- A. Verifying the NG tube placement by auscultating for bowel sounds
- B. Securing the NG tube to prevent dislodgement during feeding
- C. Checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents
- D. Elevating the head of the bed to a semi-Fowler's position
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize checking the patency of the NG tube by aspirating gastric contents before initiating tube feeding. This is important to ensure that the NG tube is in the correct position and that it is functioning properly. By aspirating gastric contents, the nurse can confirm that the tube is in the stomach and not in the lungs or surrounding tissues. If no gastric contents are obtained upon aspiration, it may indicate that the tube is not properly placed or may be occluded, which would require further assessment and intervention before proceeding with tube feeding. Checking the patency of the NG tube is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of enteral nutrition delivery.
Chief Nurse cirila formulates strategies to address the short staffing in her hospital. Which of the following strategies s the BEST?
- A. Continuing Professional Development such as post-graduate study
- B. Entry salary of nurses to at par with that of government nurses
- C. Research engagement
- D. Evaluation and recognition for good performances thru reward system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Continuing Professional Development such as post-graduate study is the best strategy among the options provided for addressing short staffing in the hospital. By encouraging nurses to pursue post-graduate studies, Chief Nurse Cirila is investing in the long-term growth and development of her nursing workforce. Post-graduate studies can enhance the knowledge, skills, and expertise of nurses, making them more competent in their roles. This can lead to improved patient care outcomes, increased job satisfaction among nurses, and ultimately help in retaining and attracting talent in the hospital. Additionally, supporting nurses in their professional development can boost morale and motivation, which are crucial factors in addressing short staffing issues.
Which of the following is the most common risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer?
- A. Nulliparity
- B. Early menarche
- C. Late menopause
- D. Family history of breast cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nulliparity, which refers to never having given birth to a child, is the most common risk factor for the development of ovarian cancer. Women who have never been pregnant have a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer compared to those who have had children. This association is believed to be related to the uninterrupted ovulation cycles that nulliparous women experience, leading to changes in the surface epithelium of the ovary that predispose them to cancer development. Conversely, factors like early menarche, late menopause, and a family history of breast cancer are also associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer but are not as commonly observed as nulliparity in the general population.
Which of the following is the BEST evidence of a family whose family coping index on therapeutic competence is rated as coping well?
- A. Shows positive interpersonal relationship
- B. Participates in the weekly clean and green program of the community
- C. Maintain clean and organized household ambiance
- D. Visits the clinic frequently well or sick.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Showing positive interpersonal relationships is the best evidence of a family coping well when their family coping index on therapeutic competence is rated as coping well. Positive interpersonal relationships indicate that family members are effectively communicating, supporting each other, and resolving conflicts in a healthy manner. This reflects strong family dynamics, emotional resilience, and adaptability which are important aspects of effective coping. While the other options (B, C, D) are beneficial activities or behaviors, positive interpersonal relationships directly demonstrate the family's ability to cope well together, making it the most relevant evidence for a high therapeutic competence rating.
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Anterior uveitis
- B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- C. Endophthalmitis
- D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body in the eye. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination findings include ciliary injection (redness and engorgement of blood vessels in the ciliary body), corneal edema (swelling of the cornea), and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to involvement of the iris muscles. These features differentiate anterior uveitis from other conditions. Treatment of anterior uveitis may involve topical steroids and cycloplegics to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.