Nokea
The patient was referred to the office by the school nurse for a lateral curvature of the spine. The nurse knows this is called
- A. lordosis
- B. scoliosis
- C. ankylosis
- D. kyphosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scoliosis refers to lateral curvature of the spine.
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What happens at the synapse?
- A. The synapse physically joins two neurons.
- B. The nerve impulse is transmitted only from one neuron to another neuron.
- C. The presynaptic terminal submits a nerve impulse through the synaptic cleft to the receptor site on the postsynaptic cell.
- D. When a presynaptic cell releases excitatory neurotransmitters, the postsynaptic cell depolarizes enough to generate an action potential.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The synaptic transmission involves the presynaptic terminal sending impulses across the synaptic cleft.
When performing a neurologic assessment, the nurse should prioritize:
- A. Observing for any sudden changes in mental status or physical function.
- B. Measuring the patient's body temperature.
- C. Checking the patient's blood pressure.
- D. Assessing the patient's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sudden changes in mental status or physical function are critical in neurologic assessments. Temperature, blood pressure, and respiratory rate are secondary considerations.
Which intervention should you delegate to the nursing assistant for a patient with osteoporosis and risk for falls?
- A. Identify environmental factors that increase risk for falls.
- B. Monitor gait, balance, and fatigue level with ambulation.
- C. Collaborate with physical therapy to provide patient with walker.
- D. Assist the patient with ambulation to bathroom and in halls.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assisting with ambulation is a task that can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie
- A. Hypothalamus
- B. Midbrain
- C. Floor of the third ventricle
- D. Pons
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The motor nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the pons. It controls muscles of facial expression, such as the orbicularis oculi and buccinator.
In Drosophila, the neuroectoderm is located ventrally during gastrulation, while in mice or frogs, the neuroectoderm is located dorsally. Which statement best describes how the two systems are similar or different?
- A. There are no similarities between flies and vertebrates in development of the nervous system.
- B. Although gastrulation is completely different in invertebrates and vertebrates, the formation of a neural tube is identical in the two types of animals.
- C. There is little similarity, since the neuroectoderm of invertebrates forms their nervous system with no further morphological changes, while in vertebrates, the neural tube forms a bundle of neurons running along the antero-posterior axis called the spinal cord.
- D. Although the invertebrate nervous system is a ventrally located nerve cord, and the vertebrate spinal cord is located dorsally, homologous genes play a role, and neurons are ultimately specified through a process of lateral inhibition in both cases.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Despite differences in the location of the neuroectoderm (ventral in Drosophila, dorsal in vertebrates), both systems share similarities in the genetic mechanisms underlying neural development. Homologous genes, such as those involved in lateral inhibition, play crucial roles in specifying neurons in both invertebrates and vertebrates. This highlights the evolutionary conservation of developmental processes despite morphological differences.