Nokea
The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the:
- A. brain and spinal cord.
- B. spinal cord and spinal nerves.
- C. spinal nerves and brain.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all the nerves outside the central nervous system, such as spinal nerves and cranial nerves. It connects the CNS to the limbs, organs, and skin, allowing for the transmission of sensory and motor signals. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary movements, and the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
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The following are found in higher concentration in the tear than in the serum:
- A. sodium
- B. potassium
- C. Ig G
- D. glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tears have a higher concentration of potassium compared to serum. This is due to the active secretion of potassium ions by the lacrimal gland. Sodium, IgG, and glucose are typically found in lower concentrations in tears compared to serum.
You have just admitted a patient with bacterial meningitis to the medical-surgical unit. The patient complains of a severe headache with photophobia and has a temperature of 102.6°F orally. Which collaborative intervention must be accomplished first?
- A. Administer codeine 15 mg orally for the patient's headache.
- B. Infuse ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 2000 mg IV to treat the infection.
- C. Give acetaminophen (Tylenol) 650 mg orally to reduce the fever.
- D. Give furosemide (Lasix) 40 mg IV to decrease intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Treating the underlying infection is the priority in bacterial meningitis.
Preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:
- A. sympathetic nervous system
- B. cerebrum
- C. parasympathetic nervous system
- D. somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses during threatening situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, while the cerebrum, somatic nervous system, and afferent nervous system are not primarily responsible for this response. Thus, A is the correct answer.
After a car accident, Rhodri had a lot of difficulty planning his day. This is most likely the result of damage to which lobe?
- A. temporal
- B. parietal
- C. frontal
- D. occipital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The frontal lobe is responsible for executive functions, such as planning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Damage to the frontal lobe, as might occur in a car accident, can impair these abilities, making it difficult for individuals to organize tasks, set goals, or manage time. The frontal lobe also plays a role in personality, social behavior, and motor control, highlighting its importance in complex cognitive processes.
The nurse is preparing material about impulse transmission to help with a presentation on the neurological system. When discussing spinal nerves, the nurse will include that each spinal nerve is made up of the dorsal root and which other root?
- A. Medial
- B. Lateral
- C. Ventral
- D. Proximal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Each spinal nerve has two roots: the dorsal root, which carries sensory impulses into the spinal cord, and the ventral root, which carries motor impulses away from the spinal cord. The medial, lateral, and proximal roots are not part of the spinal nerve structure. Understanding this anatomy is essential for explaining how sensory and motor functions are integrated.