Nokea
When an individual has a disruption of the ability to speak is known generally as
- A. Wernicke's aphasia
- B. Broca's aphasia
- C. Beidecker's aphasia
- D. Warnick's aphasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Broca's aphasia is a language disorder that disrupts the ability to speak fluently. Individuals with this condition often experience difficulty in forming complete sentences, finding the right words, and articulating speech. This condition is caused by damage to Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe of the brain, which plays a critical role in speech production and language processing.
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Preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations is the role of the:
- A. sympathetic nervous system
- B. cerebrum
- C. parasympathetic nervous system
- D. somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for 'fight-or-flight' responses during threatening situations by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, while the cerebrum, somatic nervous system, and afferent nervous system are not primarily responsible for this response. Thus, A is the correct answer.
Select the correct etiology to complete this nursing diagnosis for a patient diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder: Disturbed personal identity, related to:
- A. obsessive fears of harming self or others.
- B. poor impulse control and lack of self-confidence.
- C. depressed mood secondary to nightmares and intrusive thoughts.
- D. cognitive distortions associated with unresolved childhood abuse issues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dissociative identity disorder (DID) is often linked to unresolved childhood abuse issues, leading to fragmentation of identity as a coping mechanism. This is supported by research showing a high prevalence of childhood trauma among individuals with DID. Option A is incorrect because it relates more to anxiety disorders. Option B is incorrect as it describes traits more associated with personality disorders. Option C is incorrect as it pertains to mood disorders like depression, which are not the primary etiology of DID.
The patient has had RA for some time but has not had success with previous medications. Although there is an increased risk for tuberculosis, which monoclonal antibody is used with methotrexate to best treat symptoms?
- A. Parenteral gold
- B. Certolizumab (Cimzia)
- C. Tocilizumab (Actemra)
- D. Hydroxychloroquine (Paquenil)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tocilizumab targets IL-6 receptors.
In the care plan for Mr. Thompson, a 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease, Nurse Edwards is identifying tasks that can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant (NA). Considering the responsibilities and scope of practice for a nursing assistant, which of the following tasks is most appropriate for Nurse Edwards to delegate?
- A. Checking for orthostatic changes in pulse and blood pressure.
- B. Monitoring for improvement in tremor after levodopa (L-dopa) is given.
- C. Adjusting the dosage of levodopa (L-dopa) based on the patient's response.
- D. Monitoring for abnormal involuntary jerky movements of extremities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking for orthostatic changes is within the scope of practice for a nursing assistant and is important for monitoring the side effects of PD medications.
Which type of drug could be used to treat asthma by opening airways wider?
- A. sympatholytic drug
- B. sympathomimetic drug
- C. anticholinergic drug
- D. parasympathomimetic drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: sympathomimetic drug. Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchodilation and opening of airways wider, which is beneficial in treating asthma.
A: Sympatholytic drugs inhibit the sympathetic nervous system and would not be effective in widening airways in asthma treatment.
C: Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, which can cause bronchoconstriction and are not used to widen airways in asthma.
D: Parasympathomimetic drugs stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to bronchoconstriction and are not used to treat asthma by opening airways wider.