Nokea
Regarding the innervation of the bladder
- A. parasympathetic innervation is via the pelvic splanchnic nerves
- B. sympathetic innervation comes from L3 and L4 segments of the cord
- C. sympathetic fibres are excitatory to the bladder
- D. bladder distension sensation travels with the sympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Parasympathetic innervation of the bladder is via the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4), which stimulate bladder contraction during urination. Sympathetic fibers inhibit bladder contraction.
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Which observation of the patient made by the nurse is most indicative of Parkinson's disease?
- A. Large
- B. embellished handwriting
- C. Weakness of one leg resulting in a limping walk
- D. Difficulty rising from a chair and beginning to walk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Difficulty initiating movement is characteristic of Parkinson's disease
What is the term for the body of a neuron?
- A. dendrite
- B. axon
- C. filament
- D. soma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The soma, or cell body, of a neuron contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for cellular functions. It is responsible for maintaining the cell's metabolic activities and integrating incoming signals from dendrites.
The terminal buttons of a neuron are located at the end of its:
- A. axon
- B. dendrite
- C. myelin sheath
- D. nodes of ranvier
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Terminal buttons, also known as synaptic terminals, are located at the end of a neuron's axon. They contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters, which are released into the synaptic cleft when an action potential reaches the terminal. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the dendrites of adjacent neurons, facilitating communication between neurons. Terminal buttons are essential for transmitting signals across synapses.
Recovery has progressed smoothly and the nurse is planning with Mr. Hall for discharge. Which of the following activities is most appropriate for Mr. Hall to do?
- A. Maintain bed rest and isometric exercises for the first week following discharge
- B. When sitting, use a deep, soft, easy chair for the first month to cushion the joint while healing continues
- C. Following 2 weeks of exercise at home, he may begin driving the car again
- D. Intermittently sit for short periods followed by short, frequent walks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Short walks promote circulation and healing.
A client has had multiple sclerosis (MS) for 15 years and has received various drug therapies. What is the primary reason why the nurse has found it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs that the client has used?
- A. The client exhibits intolerance to many drugs
- B. The client experiences spontaneous remissions from time to time
- C. The client requires multiple drugs simultaneously
- D. The client endures long periods of exacerbation before the illness responds to a particular drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS is characterized by periods of relapse and remission, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapies due to spontaneous improvements.