Nokea
The following are found in higher concentration in the tear than in the serum:
- A. sodium
- B. potassium
- C. Ig G
- D. glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tears have a higher concentration of potassium compared to serum. This is due to the active secretion of potassium ions by the lacrimal gland. Sodium, IgG, and glucose are typically found in lower concentrations in tears compared to serum.
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Regarding parasympathetic nervous system
- A. Supply all viscera
- B. Have connector cells in brainstem and sacrum
- C. ?
- D. ?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system has connector cells in the brainstem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal cord (S2-S4). It is responsible for rest-and-digest functions.
Surgical intervention is being considered for a patient with trigeminal neuralgia. The nurse recognizes that which procedure has the least residual effects with a positive outcome?
- A. Glycerol rhizotomy
- B. Gamma knife radiosurgery
- C. Microvascular decompression
- D. Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gamma knife radiosurgery offers minimal residual effects with good outcomes.
The patient has lateral angulation of the large toe toward the second toe. The nurse knows that treatment will include what?
- A. Metatarsal arch support
- B. Trimming with a scalpel after softening
- C. Surgery to remove the bursal sac and bony enlargement
- D. Intraarticular corticosteroids and passive manual stretching
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surgery addresses structural deformities.
Mr. Singer will be taking aspirin and prednisone for his rheumatoid arthritis upon discharge from the hospital. Mr. Singer should be taught to contact his physician immediately if which of the following occurs?
- A. Tarry stools
- B. Ringing in his ears
- C. Warm, swollen joints
- D. Fluid retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tarry stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, a potential side effect of aspirin.
A client has had multiple sclerosis (MS) for 15 years and has received various drug therapies. What is the primary reason why the nurse has found it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs that the client has used?
- A. The client exhibits intolerance to many drugs
- B. The client experiences spontaneous remissions from time to time
- C. The client requires multiple drugs simultaneously
- D. The client endures long periods of exacerbation before the illness responds to a particular drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS is characterized by periods of relapse and remission, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapies due to spontaneous improvements.