Nokea
In response to the 66-year-old woman with Parkinson's Disease who is experiencing difficulty walking, the charge nurse could offer a supportive and appropriate suggestion to aid in her mobility. The nurse might say:
- A. Using a cane might provide you with the additional support you need while walking.'
- B. If walking becomes too challenging, it's important not to push yourself too hard.'
- C. I can arrange for a wheelchair to help ensure your safety and comfort.'
- D. Focus on walking at a steady, comfortable pace to maintain your mobility.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a cane can provide additional support and stability for PD patients experiencing difficulty walking, reducing the risk of falls.
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What would be an abnormal finding when assessing cranial nerve III (Oculomotor nerve)?
- A. Pupil dilation or asymmetry.
- B. Constricted pupils.
- C. Equal and reactive pupils.
- D. Normal eye movement.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pupil dilation or asymmetry indicates dysfunction of cranial nerve III (Oculomotor nerve). Constricted pupils, equal and reactive pupils, and normal eye movement are normal findings.
In efferent pupillary defect:
- A. anisocoria is present
- B. the damage may be in the visual cortex
- C. the damage may be in the superior colliculus
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Efferent pupillary defect causes anisocoria and can result from damage to the visual cortex or superior colliculus. It affects the efferent pathway of the pupillary reflex.
Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the ________.
- A. muscle cells
- B. glands
- C. neurons
- D. nephrons
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuroglial cells, also known as glial cells, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition to neurons. They play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, forming myelin sheaths, and protecting neurons from damage. Types of neuroglial cells include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and Schwann cells. These cells ensure the proper functioning of the nervous system by creating a supportive environment for neurons.
A client has had multiple sclerosis (MS) for 15 years and has received various drug therapies. What is the primary reason why the nurse has found it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of the drugs that the client has used?
- A. The client exhibits intolerance to many drugs
- B. The client experiences spontaneous remissions from time to time
- C. The client requires multiple drugs simultaneously
- D. The client endures long periods of exacerbation before the illness responds to a particular drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MS is characterized by periods of relapse and remission, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapies due to spontaneous improvements.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a spinal cord injury at the level of T2. Which finding is of most concern to the nurse?
- A. SpO2 of 92%
- B. Heart rate of 42 bpm
- C. Blood pressure of 88/60 mm Hg
- D. Loss of motor and sensory function in arms and legs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bradycardia is concerning due to autonomic dysreflexia.