Nokea
Which of the following signs and symptoms of increased ICP after head trauma would appear first?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Large amounts of very dilute urine
- C. Restlessness and confusion
- D. Widened pulse pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restlessness and confusion are often the earliest signs of increased ICP. These symptoms occur due to impaired cerebral perfusion and hypoxia. As ICP rises, it compresses brain tissue and blood vessels, leading to altered mental status. Bradycardia, widened pulse pressure, and changes in urine output are later signs of increased ICP and indicate more severe neurological compromise.
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Which organic molecule has long hydrocarbon chains and is a major element of cell membranes?
- A. Polypeptides
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Phospholipids
- D. Nucleotides
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phospholipids are the correct answer because they consist of long hydrocarbon chains and form the lipid bilayer, which is the fundamental structure of cell membranes. Their amphipathic nature (having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions) allows them to create a barrier that separates the cell's internal environment from the external environment, making them essential for cell integrity and function.
Select the correct etiology to complete this nursing diagnosis for a patient diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder: Disturbed personal identity, related to:
- A. obsessive fears of harming self or others.
- B. poor impulse control and lack of self-confidence.
- C. depressed mood secondary to nightmares and intrusive thoughts.
- D. cognitive distortions associated with unresolved childhood abuse issues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dissociative identity disorder (DID) is often linked to unresolved childhood abuse issues, leading to fragmentation of identity as a coping mechanism. This is supported by research showing a high prevalence of childhood trauma among individuals with DID. Option A is incorrect because it relates more to anxiety disorders. Option B is incorrect as it describes traits more associated with personality disorders. Option C is incorrect as it pertains to mood disorders like depression, which are not the primary etiology of DID.
Mr. Singer will be taking aspirin and prednisone for his rheumatoid arthritis upon discharge from the hospital. Mr. Singer should be taught to contact his physician immediately if which of the following occurs?
- A. Tarry stools
- B. Ringing in his ears
- C. Warm, swollen joints
- D. Fluid retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tarry stools indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, a potential side effect of aspirin.
A nerve fiber obeys an all-or-none law insofar as it either fires or does not fire depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Nystagmus with diplopia is a common side effect of anticonvulsants. Which of the following complaints would alert the nurse that the patient was experiencing nystagmus and diplopia?
- A. drowsiness
- B. drooping eyelids
- C. problems in reading
- D. excessive tearing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Problems in reading can indicate visual disturbances such as nystagmus and diplopia.