Nokea
The pharmaceutical industry is highly engaged in knowledge transfer, and its target advertising audience typically includes which following groups?
- A. Nurses
- B. The public
- C. Pharmacists
- D. Hospitals
- E. Universities
- F. Physicians
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: The pharmaceutical industry's target advertising audience is typically physicians, pharmacists, hospitals, and, where permitted, the public, as a strategy for indirectly influencing physicians to prescribe its products.
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Which following question is a characteristic of the 'environment' category of factors that influence the adoption of new knowledge?
- A. Can it be evaluated?
- B. Can it be evaluated?
- C. Can it be evaluated?
- D. Does the organization value research?
- E. Is there peer pressure to adopt the knowledge?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The following questions are characteristic of the environment category of factors that influence the adoption of new knowledge: Is it urban or rural? What are the financial resources of the region? Is there peer pressure to adopt the knowledge? How much competition is there for resources? What is the reputation of the organization compared with others in the region?
It is estimated that less than which following percentage of medical decisions are based on evidence?
- A. 10%
- B. 25%
- C. 50%
- D. 75%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is estimated that less than 25% of medical decisions are based on evidence.
Karen wants to conduct a systematic review of the nursing care of pressure ulcers, but she is not sure where to start. Which of the following is the first stage of a systematic review?
- A. Seek peer approval
- B. Apply exclusion criteria
- C. Pose the question
- D. Assess the research
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The stages of a systematic review include posing the question, searching for high quality published research, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to select that research, assessing the research, and getting it approved by peers.
Which of the following factors has been cited as a major barrier to knowledge use and the adoption of new evidence?
- A. Strategy
- B. Environment
- C. Budget
- D. Communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barriers to knowledge use and adoption of new evidence can be grouped into four categories related to the nature of the new evidence and practice, the organization, the environment, and the individuals who will be changing their practice.
What term does Rogers (2003) use to refer to the new knowledge that is generated from research?
- A. Diffusion
- B. Innovation
- C. Results and findings
- D. Knowledge translation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: As defined by Rogers in 2003, the new knowledge that is generated from research is called the innovation, and the process of implementing the innovation is diffusion.