Nokea
The presence of dysphagia suggests damage to cranial nerves:
- A. V-VII
- B. IX-X
- C. VII-XI
- D. III-VI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cranial nerves IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus) are the correct answers because they are involved in the motor and sensory functions of the pharynx and larynx, which are essential for swallowing. Damage to these nerves disrupts the coordinated movements required for swallowing, leading to dysphagia.
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Mr. Smith's physician suspects that Mr. Smith has an injured pituitary gland because of his
- A. large output of low specific gravity urine
- B. watery nasal discharge positive for glucose
- C. pupils failing to react to light
- D. positive Babinski reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus, indicated by large outputs of low specific gravity urine, can result from pituitary injury.
Which of the following practices would delay the decline in muscle strength and bone mass in older adults?
- A. Maintaining an adequate calcium intake
- B. Maintaining an active lifestyle
- C. Maintaining a low-activity lifestyle after the age of 35
- D. Reducing the calcium intake after the age of 60
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An active lifestyle helps maintain muscle strength and bone mass.
The nurse is preparing material about the neurological system as part of a major presentation. What should the nurse include that explains the purpose of white matter?
- A. Carries either sensory or motor impulses
- B. Location of white blood cells within the brain
- C. Protects the spinal nerves from potential injury
- D. Regulates movement and responses to external stimuli
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: White matter consists of myelinated nerve tracts that carry sensory or motor impulses within the central nervous system. It does not contain white blood cells, protect spinal nerves, or regulate movement directly. Understanding the function of white matter is crucial for explaining how information is transmitted in the nervous system.
Which assessment finding suggests an issue with cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve)?
- A. Weakness or atrophy of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
- B. Normal shoulder shrug and head turn strength.
- C. Equal and symmetrical shoulder movement.
- D. Clear and normal speech.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve) controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Weakness or atrophy in these muscles indicates dysfunction. Normal strength, symmetrical movement, and clear speech are normal findings.
Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through the autonomic and endocrine systems?
- A. hypothalamus
- B. thalamus
- C. amygdala
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the master control center for homeostasis as it regulates various bodily functions through the autonomic and endocrine systems. It plays a crucial role in maintaining body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, and hormone regulation. The thalamus (B) is responsible for sensory relay, the amygdala (C) is involved in emotion processing, and the cerebral cortex (D) is responsible for higher cognitive functions. Therefore, the hypothalamus is the correct choice for controlling homeostasis in the body.