Nokea
The psychiatric-mental health nurse, who is teaching a patient's parents how to use positive reinforcement techniques with the patient, recommends:
- A. agreeing with the child's statements, whether negative or positive, and simply restating the child's statements without other comment
- B. controlling the child's behavior, so there is no chance of negative behavior
- C. removing adverse consequences to produce positive results
- D. rewarding positive behaviors to promote their recurrence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Positive reinforcement rewards desired behaviors, increasing their frequency, a core behavioral strategy.
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In learning disabilities, the name for mathematical disorder is:
- A. Dyspraxia
- B. Dyslexia
- C. Dyscalculia
- D. Dysphasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mathematics Disorder (Dyscalculia): A specific learning disability characterised by mathematical ability being substantially below norm for chronological age, intelligence, and educational level.
Individuals with Down Syndrome often have moderate to severe intellectual impairment with a measurable IQ usually between:
- A. 45-50
- B. 55-60
- C. 35-55
- D. 25-35
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Down Syndrome: A disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, characterized by intellectual impairment with IQ typically between 35-55.
Which of the following is one reason given that more women than men are treated for psychological problems?
- A. Women are subject to greater stress than men
- B. As a result of cultural norms, women may be more willing to admit distress
- C. Some forms of mental disorders are sex-linked recessive
- D. Developmental tasks required of women are far more difficult than those required of men
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cultural norms often make women more likely to seek help, contributing to higher treatment rates.
Joey is a 5-year-old who is causing his parents a lot of concern. His mother reports that he bounces off the walls all the time and cant focus on any one thing for very long. He is impulsive and has recently ran right out into the street in front of the familys home. His teacher has told his parents that he has done similar things at school. The nurse understands that:
- A. Joey shows all the signs of having ADHD and should probably be placed on Ritalin as soon as possible
- B. Joey is just an active, healthy child who needs to be disciplined more effectively
- C. Joey could be autistic, and additional testing will have to be done to confirm the diagnosis
- D. Joey shows signs of having ADHD, but is too young for that diagnosis to be made definitively now
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Definitive diagnosis of ADHD should not be made before age 7 because developmentally the child has a shorter attention span.
Which of the following options is not useful for reducing mental conflict?
- A. Stay away from the causes of conflict.
- B. Find out the exact causes of the conflict.
- C. Think about what's left out.
- D. Consult an adult.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mental conflict refers to a state of inner turmoil or struggle that arises when an individual experiences opposing thoughts, desires, or emotions. Strategies useful for reducing mental conflict include avoiding triggers (A), understanding root causes (B), and seeking support (D). Thinking about what's left out (C) can lead to overthinking, increasing conflict rather than reducing it.