Nokea
The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside.
- A. under ionic pressure
- B. positive
- C. negative
- D. inactive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The resting potential of a neuron, typically around -65mV, indicates that the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside. This charge difference is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump and the selective permeability of the cell membrane to ions. The resting potential is essential for the neuron's ability to generate and transmit nerve impulses, as it provides the electrical gradient necessary for action potentials.
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Which finding should the nursing assistant report immediately for a patient with a fractured femur?
- A. The patient complains of pain.
- B. The patient appears confused.
- C. The patient's blood pressure is 136/88.
- D. The patient voided using the bedpan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confusion could indicate a more serious underlying issue, such as reduced cerebral perfusion.
You are caring for a patient with a recurrent glioblastoma who is receiving dexamethasone (Decadron) 4 mg IV every 6 hours to relieve symptoms of right arm weakness and headache. Which assessment information concerns you the most?
- A. The patient does not recognize family members.
- B. The blood glucose level is 234 mg/dL.
- C. The patient complains of a continued headache.
- D. The daily weight has increased 1 kg.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Changes in recognition could indicate neurological deterioration requiring immediate attention.
The patient with multiple sclerosis tells the nursing assistant that after physical therapy she is too tired to take a bath. What is your priority nursing diagnosis at this time?
- A. Fatigue related to disease state
- B. Activity Intolerance due to generalized weakness
- C. Impaired Physical Mobility related to neuromuscular impairment
- D. Self-care Deficit related to fatigue and neuromuscular weakness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in MS and is directly indicated by the patient's statement.
To elicit a Plantar reflex:
- A. Gently tap the Achilles tendon
- B. Stroke the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from heel to ball
- C. Present a noxious odor to a person
- D. Observe the person walking heel to toe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Plantar reflex is elicited by stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from the heel to the ball of the foot with a blunt object. This tests the integrity of the corticospinal tract. A normal response in adults is plantar flexion of the toes.
A client with a history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is expecting her first child. What would be indicated for this client?
- A. Suggest reproductive counseling, as multiple sclerosis can be genetic.
- B. Instruct to expect a period of remission after delivery of the baby.
- C. Instruct to expect an exacerbation of symptoms while pregnant.
- D. Discuss pain control during labor, as contractions will be severe.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pregnancy often leads to a temporary remission of MS symptoms, but there is an increased risk of relapse postpartum. Reproductive counseling and pain management are important but secondary to understanding the disease course during pregnancy.