Nokea
A 24-year-old patient with a 12-year history of Becker muscular dystrophy is hospitalized with heart failure. What is an appropriate nursing intervention for this patient?
- A. Feed and bathe the patient to avoid exhausting the muscle.
- B. Reposition frequently to avoid skin and respiratory complications.
- C. Provide hand weights for the patient to exercise the upper extremities.
- D. Use orthopedic braces to promote ambulation and prevent muscle wasting.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent repositioning prevents complications.
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Apraxia involves an inability to undertake learned and purposeful activities such as dressing, cooking etc., and means that sufferers must rely increasingly on caregivers to help with these activities. Limb apraxia is a common symptom of left hemisphere damage and consists of a deficit in performing gestures to verbal command or imitation. One form of rehabilitation training for limb apraxia is:
- A. Gestural training.
- B. Mime training.
- C. Motor training.
- D. Replication training.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gestural training is a rehabilitation technique used to improve limb apraxia, a condition characterized by difficulty in performing purposeful movements. This training involves teaching individuals to recognize and execute appropriate gestures and postures, enhancing their ability to perform daily activities. By focusing on the coordination of movements and the context in which they are used, gestural training helps individuals regain functional independence and reduce reliance on caregivers.
A nurse is planning care for a child with acute bacterial meningitis. Based on the mode of transmission of this infection, which of the following would be included in the plan of care?
- A. No precautions are required as long as antibiotics have been started
- B. Maintain enteric precautions
- C. Maintain respiratory isolation precautions for at least 24 hours after the initiation of antibiotics
- D. Maintain neutropenic precautions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory isolation precautions are necessary for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics to prevent the spread of bacterial meningitis, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets. This precaution protects healthcare workers and other patients from exposure to the infectious agent.
Which amino acids are needed in higher amounts in patients with pressure ulcers?
- A. lysine and tyrosine
- B. tyrosine and valine
- C. arginine and glutamine
- D. valine and cysteine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arginine and glutamine are essential amino acids that play a critical role in wound healing. Arginine promotes collagen synthesis and immune function, while glutamine supports cell proliferation and tissue repair, making them vital for patients with pressure ulcers.
The patient with osteoporosis had a spontaneous hip fracture. How should the nurse document this before the x-ray results return?
- A. Open fracture
- B. Oblique fracture
- C. Pathologic fracture
- D. Greenstick fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pathologic fractures occur due to weakened bone structure, such as in osteoporosis.
Which type of tissue is in the image? (Figure 1)
- A. Compact bone
- B. Fibrocartilage
- C. Smooth muscle
- D. Simple squamous epithelial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Simple squamous epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it consists of a single layer of flat cells, which is characteristic of the tissue shown in Figure 1. This type of tissue is found in areas where rapid diffusion or filtration is required, such as the lining of blood vessels and the alveoli of the lungs. Its thin structure allows for efficient exchange of gases and nutrients.