Nokea
Dysphasia suggests the impairment of:
- A. speech
- B. gait
- C. swallowing
- D. movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Speech is the correct answer because dysphasia refers to a language disorder that affects the ability to produce or comprehend spoken or written language. It is typically caused by damage to the language centers of the brain, such as Broca's or Wernicke's areas, and results in difficulties with communication.
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A patient diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder has the nursing diagnosis: Interrupted family processes, related to patient's disabling symptoms as evidenced by the spouse and children assuming roles and tasks that previously belonged to patient. An appropriate outcome is that the patient will:
- A. assume roles and functions of the other family members.
- B. demonstrate a resumption of former roles and tasks.
- C. focus energy on problems occurring in the family.
- D. rely on family members to meet his or her personal needs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: demonstrate a resumption of former roles and tasks. This outcome implies that the patient will regain the ability to fulfill their own roles and tasks within the family, indicating improvement in the interrupted family processes. This aligns with the goal of promoting the patient's independence and reducing the burden on other family members.
Choice A is incorrect because having the patient assume roles and functions of other family members does not address the underlying issue of the patient's somatic symptom disorder and may lead to further dysfunction within the family.
Choice C is incorrect as it suggests the patient should focus on problems in the family, which may not directly address the interrupted family processes related to the patient's symptoms.
Choice D is incorrect as it promotes dependency on family members to meet the patient's personal needs, which does not encourage the patient to regain their former roles and tasks within the family.
For a patient with unilateral neglect related to sensory-perceptual deficits, what nursing intervention is important during rehabilitation?
- A. Avoid positioning the patient on the affected side.
- B. Place all objects for care on the patient's unaffected side.
- C. Teach the patient to care consciously for the affected side.
- D. Protect the affected side from injury with pillows and supports.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Teaching conscious care helps the patient acknowledge and attend to their affected side
Which of the following lifestyle factors is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?
- A. cigarette smoking
- B. alcohol consumption
- C. taking illicit drugs
- D. obesity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for stroke, as it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of arteries) and increases the likelihood of blood clots. Quitting smoking significantly reduces stroke risk.
A 38-year-old female presents with muscle fatigue that is worse by the end of the day. She reports to have myalgias in the back of her neck, and at times her head "drops." She also states to sees "double" when watching television, or reading for a prolonged period of time. On physical examination, ptosis is produced when asking the patient to look at the ceiling without blinking. Pupillary function is intact. Appropriate serologic testing is obtained. On repetitive nerve stimulation, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential progressively declines. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?
- A. Botulism
- B. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- C. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
- D. Myasthenia gravis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of fatigable weakness, ptosis, and diplopia, along with the decremental response on repetitive nerve stimulation, are classic for myasthenia gravis. This autoimmune disorder is caused by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to impaired muscle contraction. Botulism and Lambert-Eaton syndrome also cause weakness but have different clinical and electrophysiological features. Multiple sclerosis and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy do not typically present with fatigable weakness.
If a nurse observes a sudden change in a client's vital signs, what immediate step should the nurse take?
- A. Inform the physician
- B. Change the environmental settings of the client
- C. Alter the diet intake of the client
- D. Decrease the physical activity of the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immediate medical attention is necessary for significant changes in vital signs.