Nokea
Which amino acids are needed in higher amounts in patients with pressure ulcers?
- A. lysine and tyrosine
- B. tyrosine and valine
- C. arginine and glutamine
- D. valine and cysteine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Arginine and glutamine are essential amino acids that play a critical role in wound healing. Arginine promotes collagen synthesis and immune function, while glutamine supports cell proliferation and tissue repair, making them vital for patients with pressure ulcers.
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The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the ________ .
- A. CNS
- B. PNS
- C. ANS
- D. CSF
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brain and spinal cord are the primary organs of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is responsible for processing and integrating information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a division of the PNS, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a protective fluid surrounding the CNS. Therefore, CNS is the correct answer as it directly refers to the brain and spinal cord.
Regarding the blood supply of the cerebral cortex
- A. Middle cerebral is contralateral arm, leg and speech areas
- B. Anterior cerebral is contralateral leg, micturition and defaecation
- C. Middle cerebral is ipsilateral arm, face and vision
- D. Posterior cerebral is ipsilateral vision
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The anterior cerebral artery supplies the medial surface of the brain, including areas responsible for motor and sensory functions of the contralateral leg. It also influences micturition and defecation.
Which description is most characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA) when compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)?
- A. Not systemic or symmetric
- B. Rheumatoid factor (RF) positive
- C. Most commonly occurs in women
- D. Morning joint stiffness lasts one to several hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: OA is localized and asymmetric.
What is the primary difference between somatic system disorders and dissociative disorders?
- A. Somatic system disorders are under voluntary control, whereas dissociative disorders are unconscious and automatic.
- B. Dissociative disorders are precipitated by psychological factors, whereas somatic system disorders are related to stress.
- C. Dissociative disorders are individually determined and related to childhood sexual abuse, whereas somatic system disorders are culture bound.
- D. Dissociative disorders entail stress-related disruptions of memory, consciousness, or identity, whereas somatic system disorders involve the expression of psychological stress through somatic symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Define somatic system disorders (SSD) as physical symptoms caused by psychological distress.
Step 2: Define dissociative disorders as disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity due to stress.
Step 3: Identify that the primary difference is how stress manifests: SSD through physical symptoms and dissociative disorders through disruptions in memory, consciousness, or identity.
Step 4: Choose D as the correct answer as it accurately distinguishes between the two types of disorders.
Summary:
A: Incorrect, as it inaccurately describes the nature of somatic system and dissociative disorders.
B: Incorrect, as it oversimplifies the triggers for each type of disorder.
C: Incorrect, as it generalizes the causes of dissociative disorders and somatic system disorders.
The first priority of care of the patient with a new fracture includes assessing
- A. Respiratory rate and effort, pulse.
- B. The fracture site for bleeding.
- C. For signs of infection at the wound site of an open fracture.
- D. For circulation and sensation distal to the fracture site.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing circulation and sensation ensures no neurovascular compromise has occurred due to the fracture.