Nokea
How do neurons communicate with one another?
- A. Electrically
- B. Chemically
- C. Through weak, radio-wave-like impulses
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurons communicate both electrically and chemically. Electrical signals travel along the neuron's axon, while chemical signals (neurotransmitters) are released at synapses to transmit information to the next neuron. Radio-wave-like impulses are not involved in neural communication. This dual mechanism ensures efficient and precise transmission of information.
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Which joint surgery is used to arthroscopically remove degenerative tissue in joints?
- A. Osteotomy
- B. Arthrodesis
- C. Debridement
- D. Synovectomy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Debridement removes damaged tissue arthroscopically.
A nurse is planning care for a child with acute bacterial meningitis. Based on the mode of transmission of this infection, which of the following would be included in the plan of care?
- A. No precautions are required as long as antibiotics have been started
- B. Maintain enteric precautions
- C. Maintain respiratory isolation precautions for at least 24 hours after the initiation of antibiotics
- D. Maintain neutropenic precautions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respiratory isolation precautions are necessary for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics to prevent the spread of bacterial meningitis, which is transmitted through respiratory droplets. This precaution protects healthcare workers and other patients from exposure to the infectious agent.
The diagnostic manual used by clinicians called DSM-IV-TR identifies two broader diagnostic syndromes into which many neurological disorders fall. Dementia is one which is characterised by which of the following:
- A. The impairment of basic cognitive functions.
- B. The impairment of physical abilities.
- C. The impairment of memory.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dementia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and the ability to perform daily activities. It is often accompanied by changes in mood, behavior, and personality. Dementia can result from various causes, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or traumatic brain injury, and it significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and independence.
The nurse is assessing a patient's pupils for reactivity to light. Which cranial nerve (CN) is being tested?
- A. CN III
- B. CN IV
- C. CN VI
- D. CN XII
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve III (oculomotor) controls pupil constriction and is tested when assessing pupillary reactivity to light. Cranial nerves IV, VI, and XII control eye movement and tongue movement but are not directly involved in pupillary reflexes. Testing CN III is essential for evaluating brainstem function.
The nurse is assisting as a neurosurgeon examines a patient who has a positive Babinski reflex. What assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. The leg flexes when the patellar tendon is struck.
- B. The leg extends when the patellar tendon is struck.
- C. The big toe extends when the sole of the foot is stroked.
- D. Toes curl downward when the sole of the foot is stroked.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive Babinski reflex, indicative of neurological dysfunction, involves extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. Flexion or extension of the leg is associated with other reflexes. Recognizing a positive Babinski reflex is important for assessing upper motor neuron lesions.