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Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?
- A. acetylcholine
- B. serotonin
- C. dopamine
- D. acetylcholinesterase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This breakdown is essential for terminating the signal and preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholinesterase ensures that acetylcholine's effects are short-lived and precisely regulated, allowing for controlled neural communication. Dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to neurological disorders.
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A patient diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder has the nursing diagnosis: Interrupted family processes, related to patient's disabling symptoms as evidenced by the spouse and children assuming roles and tasks that previously belonged to patient. An appropriate outcome is that the patient will:
- A. assume roles and functions of the other family members.
- B. demonstrate a resumption of former roles and tasks.
- C. focus energy on problems occurring in the family.
- D. rely on family members to meet his or her personal needs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: demonstrate a resumption of former roles and tasks. This outcome implies that the patient will regain the ability to fulfill their own roles and tasks within the family, indicating improvement in the interrupted family processes. This aligns with the goal of promoting the patient's independence and reducing the burden on other family members.
Choice A is incorrect because having the patient assume roles and functions of other family members does not address the underlying issue of the patient's somatic symptom disorder and may lead to further dysfunction within the family.
Choice C is incorrect as it suggests the patient should focus on problems in the family, which may not directly address the interrupted family processes related to the patient's symptoms.
Choice D is incorrect as it promotes dependency on family members to meet the patient's personal needs, which does not encourage the patient to regain their former roles and tasks within the family.
The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the ________ .
- A. CNS
- B. PNS
- C. ANS
- D. CSF
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brain and spinal cord are the primary organs of the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is responsible for processing and integrating information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a division of the PNS, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a protective fluid surrounding the CNS. Therefore, CNS is the correct answer as it directly refers to the brain and spinal cord.
The patient who is aphasic frequently reacts with anger or depression to his inability to communicate. A therapeutic approach to this behavior is to
- A. anticipate his needs to minimize efforts to talk
- B. respect his need to grieve
- C. express recognition of his difficulty and efforts to communicate
- D. keep verbal stimulation to a minimum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acknowledging efforts encourages communication attempts.
What does an abnormal response in the assessment of the plantar reflex indicate?
- A. Possible neurological dysfunction, such as an upper motor neuron lesion.
- B. Normal reflex response.
- C. Absence of reflex abnormalities.
- D. Clear, coordinated movements.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An abnormal plantar reflex, such as toe extension (Babinski sign), suggests possible upper motor neuron dysfunction. A normal reflex involves toe flexion.
Which of the following would indicate side effects of the gold therapy?
- A. Symptoms of gastric irritation
- B. Generalized edema
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Symptoms of visual disturbance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gastric irritation is a common side effect of gold therapy.