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What is another name for the preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart?
- A. solitary tract
- B. vasomotor nerve
- C. vagus nerve
- D. cardiac accelerator nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cardiac accelerator nerve. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers that project to the heart are part of the cardiac accelerator nerves, which increase heart rate and force of contraction. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: solitary tract - involved in transmitting sensory information related to taste and visceral sensations.
B: vasomotor nerve - regulates blood vessel tone and blood pressure.
C: vagus nerve - part of the parasympathetic nervous system and slows down heart rate and decreases force of contraction.
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A patient arrived in the ER with a head injury. She is unconscious. The physician and a fellow nurse are the only staff members near the patient. Her husband begins to criticize the attending physician and suggest that a different physician should care for this patient. What is the best response?
- A. Report the nurse to the attending physician.
- B. Call the nurse away from the patient and remind him that the patient can still hear even if unconscious.
- C. Ask the nurse why he has such feelings.
- D. Simply nod your head in agreement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unconscious patients can still perceive their surroundings; thus, maintaining professional communication is important.
The patient who is aphasic frequently reacts with anger or depression to his inability to communicate. A therapeutic approach to this behavior is to
- A. anticipate his needs to minimize efforts to talk
- B. respect his need to grieve
- C. express recognition of his difficulty and efforts to communicate
- D. keep verbal stimulation to a minimum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acknowledging efforts encourages communication attempts.
Which of the following would indicate side effects of the gold therapy?
- A. Symptoms of gastric irritation
- B. Generalized edema
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Symptoms of visual disturbance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gastric irritation is a common side effect of gold therapy.
Nurse Williams is conducting a seminar on dementia for the staff at the senior care facility. She emphasizes the importance of understanding the most prevalent causes of dementia in the elderly population. Which condition does Nurse Williams identify as the most common cause of dementia among elderly individuals?
- A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Multiple sclerosis
- D. Parkinson's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline.
To assess a patient's sensory function, the nurse should:
- A. Test light touch, pain, and temperature sensation in various areas of the body.
- B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
- D. Check the patient's blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sensory function is assessed by testing light touch, pain, and temperature sensation. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood glucose levels are unrelated to sensory testing.