Nokea
The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycle is the:
- A. thalamus
- B. reticular activating system (RAS)
- C. pineal gland
- D. limbic system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The reticular activating system (RAS) in the brain stem regulates consciousness and the sleep-wake cycle. The thalamus, pineal gland, limbic system, and cerebellum have different functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
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Which finding should the nursing assistant report immediately for a patient with a fractured femur?
- A. The patient complains of pain.
- B. The patient appears confused.
- C. The patient's blood pressure is 136/88.
- D. The patient voided using the bedpan.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Confusion could indicate a more serious underlying issue, such as reduced cerebral perfusion.
To assess a patient's sensory function, the nurse should:
- A. Test light touch, pain, and temperature sensation in various areas of the body.
- B. Measure the patient's heart rate.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for lesions.
- D. Check the patient's blood glucose levels.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sensory function is assessed by testing light touch, pain, and temperature sensation. Heart rate, skin lesions, and blood glucose levels are unrelated to sensory testing.
Which syndrome of incomplete spinal cord lesion is described as cord damage common in the cervical region resulting in greater weakness in upper extremities than lower?
- A. Central cord syndrome
- B. Anterior cord syndrome
- C. Posterior cord syndrome
- D. Cauda equina and conus medullaris syndromes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Central cord syndrome often results in greater weakness in the upper extremities.
Which of the following lifestyle factors is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?
- A. cigarette smoking
- B. alcohol consumption
- C. taking illicit drugs
- D. obesity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for stroke, as it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of arteries) and increases the likelihood of blood clots. Quitting smoking significantly reduces stroke risk.
If a nurse observes a sudden change in a client's vital signs, what immediate step should the nurse take?
- A. Inform the physician
- B. Change the environmental settings of the client
- C. Alter the diet intake of the client
- D. Decrease the physical activity of the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immediate medical attention is necessary for significant changes in vital signs.