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The school nurse is conducting an in-service program for teachers that discusses the development of elementary school children. According to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, which of the following information would the nurse include?
- A. Use abstract thought to discuss a story
- B. Make moral decisions concerning right and wrong actions
- C. Listen to a peer’s point of view about a playground situation
- D. Be influenced by his or her friends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Piaget's concrete operations stage (7-11 years) focuses on peer influence and understanding others' perspectives.
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A nurse assesses that the task of development of affection for and from others has been met or is in the process of being met by an infant. Which of the following observations has the nurse made?
- A. The infant smiles at mirror images.
- B. The infant makes cooing noises.
- C. The infant begins to smile socially.
- D. The infant likes to be picked up.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Infants who enjoy being picked up are displaying affection for others, which is an important developmental task.
During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability services. The nurse is acting as a(n):
- A. Advocate
- B. Care manager
- C. Consultant
- D. Educator
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Advocacy helps individuals access services they are entitled to, assisting them in navigating the healthcare system.
WHO's Definition of Malnutrition
- A. Obesity
- B. Micronutrient deficiencies
- C. Protein-energy malnutrition
- D. Water insufficiency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obesity, along with micronutrient deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition, are included in the WHO’s definition of malnutrition.
Which of the following actions should parents take to help their teenager meet his developmental task?
- A. Set strict rules to prevent the teenager from getting into any trouble.
- B. Maintain an ongoing dialogue about important issues and upcoming challenges.
- C. Maintain a friendship with the teenager, so he views parents as peers.
- D. Be very lenient with the teenager so that he can figure out who he is as a person.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ongoing dialogue about challenges and listening to teenagers supports their development of a healthy identity.
Psychosocial Assessment of Older Adults
- A. Have you thought about harming yourself?
- B. Are you still playing bridge every Thursday?
- C. How does your congestive heart failure affect your life?
- D. Has your financial situation changed since last year?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mental health is crucial in older adults, so asking about suicide risk is essential for early intervention.