Nokea
Which of the following types of ethical theories tells us how people act toward each other and their environments and what they believe are good or moral actions?
- A. Descriptive value theories
- B. Normative theories
- C. Consequentialism theory
- D. Duty-based theories
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Descriptive theories describe how people act, not how they should act.
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A client is scheduled to have open-heart surgery but has not been informed about potential complications. Which ethical concept has been ignored?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Informed consent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Informed consent ensures clients understand the risks and benefits of procedures before agreeing to them.
In a family in which the mother and the father differ on how to spend and save money, the parents are constantly arguing with each other. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care for this couple?
- A. Assist them to develop strategies that are congruent with their values.
- B. Allow each of them to defend his or her own values.
- C. Focus on outcomes that each wants to accomplish.
- D. Divert their attention to areas in which they are successful.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Developing strategies congruent with each individual's values will help reduce conflict and improve their financial decisions.
Cardiovascular health: Which medication is recommended?
- A. "Aspirin."
- B. "Folic acid."
- C. "Estrogen."
- D. "Estrogen receptor modulator."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin is recommended to lower cardiovascular risk by preventing clot formation.
A client who is taking Coumadin tells the nurse that she has started taking a vitamin E supplement as she has heard that this will help decrease the likelihood of her developing cancer. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. “Vitamin E supplements are unnecessary, so I don’t recommend you use this supplement.”
- B. “Vitamin E can interfere with the actions of vitamin K and enhance the effects of Coumadin.”
- C. “Vitamin E supplements can interfere with the absorption of iron and create additional health problems.”
- D. “Vitamin E must be used cautiously, as it is easy to experience a toxicity of this nutrient.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin E can interact with Coumadin and affect clotting, which is a concern for individuals on blood thinners.
Which of the following disorders is characterized by males having an extra chromosome, typically being tall and initially thin, and not developing secondary sex characteristics?
- A. Gynecomastia
- B. Menstruation
- C. Turner syndrome
- D. Klinefelter syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males with an extra X chromosome, affecting their secondary sex characteristics.