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The school nurse is educating high school students about guidelines to be followed when participating in sports. Which statement by a student alerts the nurse of the need for further information?
- A. I will eat carbohydrates before practice.
- B. I drink large amounts of fluid when working out.
- C. I wear protective gear every time I play sports.
- D. I avoid caffeine when participating in sports.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluids lost by sweat must be replaced by drinking small amounts of fluid during a workout. Thirst is one guide for intake. Caffeine and alcohol deplete body water and are to be avoided. Carbohydrates that provide both energy and other nutrients are best for athletes. Protective gear should be worn by all team players in any contact sport.
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The nurse using the PACE interview guide for persons at risk for substance abuse arrives at a score of 2 for an adolescent patient. How would the nurse interpret this score?
- A. Nonindicative of potential substance abuse
- B. Normal experimentation of the adolescent
- C. Need to schedule another PACE interview in 3 months
- D. Indication for referral for counseling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The PACE guide recommends that a score of 2 or higher would suggest the need for a referral for counseling about substance abuse.
The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old boy. Which physical change indicates that male puberty has begun?
- A. Development of axillary and facial hair
- B. Enlargement of penis
- C. Enlargement of testicles
- D. Pigmentation of the scrotum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In boys, pubertal changes begin with enlargement of the testicles and internal structures.
When planning to answer a 16-year-old girl's questions about menstruation, the nurse must consider cognitive development. What is developed during adolescence according to Piaget?
- A. The ability to view a situation from multiple perspectives
- B. The ability to focus more on the past than present situations
- C. The ability to exercise concrete reasoning
- D. The ability to consider hypothetical situations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: According to Piaget, in the formal operations stage adolescents have the ability to think abstractly.
What does an adolescent's peer group serve as related to development?
- A. Social outlet
- B. Association to blur personal identity
- C. Platform for 'group think'
- D. Initial separation from family
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Being a member of a peer group and communicating with and seeking approval from this group are hallmarks of the first separation from the family.
A 16-year-old boy excitedly tells his parents that he was offered a part-time job. Which response represents an effective problem-solving approach for his parents?
- A. Your studies are too important for you to have a part-time job.
- B. When we went to high school, academics were the adolescent's priority.
- C. We want you to put your earnings in a savings account.
- D. How do you think you will manage your school work and a job?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An effective approach to help adolescents learn to solve problems is for parents to guide them in exploring alternatives.