Nokea
The statement about sleep which is NOT true is
- A. melatonin is secreted in dark-light cycle
- B. slow-wave sleep is needed for brain injury protection
- C. rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is responsible for dreams
- D. both REM and non-REM cycles are sufficient for sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Slow-wave sleep is primarily restorative, not protective against brain injury.
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Following the American Cancer Society guidelines, the nurse should recommend that the women:
- A. Perform breast self-examination annually
- B. Have a physician conduct a clinical
- C. Have a mammogram annually examination every 2 years
- D. Have a normal receptor assay annually
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The American Cancer Society recommends that women have a mammogram annually, starting at age 45, and then have the option to switch to every two years starting at age 55. This is based on evidence showing that regular mammograms can help detect breast cancer early when it is most treatable. Breast self-examinations are no longer recommended as a routine screening method due to studies showing they do not reduce mortality from breast cancer. Clinical breast exams conducted by a physician are also not recommended for routine screening in average-risk women, as they have not been shown to be effective in reducing breast cancer mortality. Normal receptor assay testing is not a screening test for breast cancer and is used to help determine the best treatment options for diagnosed breast cancer cases.
The nurse is assigned to a client with polymyositis. Which expected outcome in the plan of care relates to a potential problem associated with polymyositis?
- A. "Client will lose 2lb per week on a calorie-restricted diet."
- B. "Client will exhibit no signs or symptoms of aspiration."
- C. "Client will exhibit bowel and bladder continence."
- D. "Client will exhibit alertness and orientation to person, place, and time."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polymyositis is a condition that involves inflammation of the muscles, including the muscles involved in swallowing (dysphagia) and breathing. This can lead to a higher risk of aspiration, where food or fluids go into the airway instead of the esophagus. Therefore, monitoring for signs and symptoms of aspiration and ensuring the client exhibits no signs of aspiration are crucial in the care of a client with polymyositis. The other options are not directly related to the potential problems associated with polymyositis and are more general aspects of nursing care.
To meet the emotional needs of a 10-year-old patient who is dying, the most appropriate nursing action is to:
- A. answer questions honestly and frankly.
- B. avoid interruptions by coordinating nursing actions.
- C. encourage the patient to write in a journal.
- D. provide opportunities for the patient to interact with children of the same age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Answering questions honestly and frankly helps build trust and provides clarity for the child during this difficult time.
Metabolic derangement secondary to tumor lysis syndrome in children includes all the following EXCEPT
- A. hyperuricemia
- B. hypernatremia
- C. hyperkalemia
- D. hyperphosphatemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypernatremia is not typically associated with tumor lysis syndrome, whereas hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia are common.
Nurse Melanie is teaching an adult class about the different types of hepatitis. Which statement does not pertain to hepatitis A?
- A. "Is caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family."
- B. "It spreads primarily by fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of infcetd food or liquids."
- C. "It may not be spread from sexual contact."
- D. "Type A hepatitis occurs worldwide, especially in areas with overcrowding and poor sanitation."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statement A is incorrect because hepatitis A is not caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family. Instead, hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV), which belongs to the Picornaviridae family. Hepatitis A is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Additionally, hepatitis A can be transmitted through close personal contact and sexual contact. While hepatitis A occurs worldwide, it is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding.