Nokea
The theorist who believes in collective unconscious is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Jung
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carl Jung introduced the collective unconscious, a shared reservoir of archetypal experiences.
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Which of the following is not a component of Bandura's theory
- A. Self-efficacy
- B. Reciprocal determinism
- C. Classical conditioning
- D. Behavioral capability
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Classical conditioning is Pavlov's, not Bandura's; Bandura focused on social and cognitive factors.
Counseling is done as part of the work of the teacher
- A. Non-specialist
- B. Informal
- C. Professional
- D. Specialized
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teachers offer non-specialist counseling within their role.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have been growing in popularity and surveys show that they are being used to treat several mental health conditions. With these statistics in mind the nurse is careful to assess which client for the possible use of CAM therapies?
- A. The teenager who is dealing with sexual identity issues
- B. The older adult who has developed early onset dementia
- C. The young adult who is experiencing chronic pain as a result of a knee injury
- D. The middle-aged adult who is experiencing depression after the death of a parent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D. The nurse should assess the middle-aged adult experiencing depression after the death of a parent for possible use of CAM therapies because depression is a common mental health condition that CAM therapies can help alleviate. The client's emotional distress and grief may benefit from holistic approaches like mindfulness meditation or acupuncture. It is important to address mental health conditions with appropriate interventions, and CAM therapies can be a valuable supplement to traditional treatments.
Summary:
A: While sexual identity issues are important, they do not necessarily indicate a need for CAM therapies in this context.
B: Early onset dementia is a neurological condition, and CAM therapies may not be the primary focus for treatment.
C: Chronic pain from a knee injury may require more conventional medical interventions before exploring CAM therapies for pain management.
Which statement most accurately describes substance dependence?
- A. It is a lack of control over use. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms occur when intake is reduced or stopped.
- B. It occurs when psychoactive drug use interferes with the work of competing neurotransmitters.
- C. Symptoms occur when two or more drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS) have additive effects.
- D. It involves taking a combination of substances to weaken or inhibit the effect of another drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Answer A:
1. Substance dependence involves a lack of control over use, leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior.
2. Tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are key indicators of substance dependence when intake is reduced or stopped.
3. These symptoms result from physiological changes in the body due to chronic drug use.
4. The cycle of tolerance and withdrawal reinforces the dependence on the substance.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. Interference with neurotransmitters is more related to the pharmacological effects of drugs, not a defining feature of substance dependence.
C. Additive effects of drugs do not necessarily indicate substance dependence but rather interactions between different substances.
D. Combining substances to weaken effects does not define substance dependence; it is more about the compulsive use and physical dependence on a substance.
Two other types of sensory memory have been extensively studied: echoic memory and memory:
- A. Episodic
- B. Haptic
- C. Visual
- D. Audio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Echoic (auditory) and haptic (touch) sensory memories are studied alongside iconic (visual) memory.