Nokea
The type of cord prolapse characterized by presence of the fetal umbilical cord alongside the presenting part is
- A. Occult umbilical cord prolapse
- B. Overt umbilical cord prolapse
- C. Funic cord prolapse
- D. Complete cord prolapse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Funic cord prolapse. Funic cord prolapse is characterized by the fetal umbilical cord being alongside the presenting part. This type of cord prolapse is a more specific term used to describe the exact position of the cord in relation to the presenting part.
The other choices are incorrect because:
- A: Occult umbilical cord prolapse refers to a hidden or concealed cord prolapse, where the cord is not visible externally.
- B: Overt umbilical cord prolapse is when the cord is visible externally before the presenting part.
- D: Complete cord prolapse implies that the entire cord has descended through the cervix before the presenting part, not just alongside it.
Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the specific positioning of the umbilical cord in relation to the presenting part during cord prolapse.
You may also like to solve these questions
The commonest major cause of primary postpartum haemorrhage is
- A. Trauma of the genital tract
- B. Blood coagulation disorder
- C. Prolonged 3rd stage
- D. Atony of the uterus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Atony of the uterus is the most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage due to inadequate uterine contractions.
Step 2: Trauma of the genital tract can lead to bleeding but is not as common as atony of the uterus in postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 3: Blood coagulation disorder can contribute to excessive bleeding but is not the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 4: Prolonged 3rd stage can result in postpartum hemorrhage but is typically secondary to uterine atony.
The earliest onset of cephalohematoma is
- A. Six hours postnatally
- B. Twelve hours postnatally
- C. Eighteen hours postnatally
- D. Immediately after birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Six hours postnatally. Cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between a baby's skull and the periosteum. It typically appears several hours after birth due to trauma during delivery, causing bleeding under the periosteum. This allows time for the blood to accumulate and form a distinct swelling, making the onset around six hours postnatally. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical timeline for the development of cephalohematoma.
He has had 1 L of NSS infused by emergency medical services. His vital signs reveal a pulse of 128 bpm and a blood pressure of 8860 mm Hg. With respect to his hypotension, the AGACNP recognizes that
- A. Vasopressors are contraindicated in traumatic head injury
- B. Hypotension doubles the risk of mortality from traumatic head injury
- C. His blood pressure is likely a physiologic response to traumatic head injury
- D. Stabilizing the head injury is more important that identifying the cause of hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: His blood pressure is likely a physiologic response to traumatic head injury.
Rationale:
1. Physiologic response: Traumatic head injury can lead to autonomic dysregulation, causing increased sympathetic activity and elevated blood pressure to maintain cerebral perfusion.
2. Compensation mechanism: The body may increase blood pressure in response to hypotension to ensure vital organs receive adequate blood flow.
3. Treatment consideration: Understanding that elevated blood pressure can be a compensatory mechanism helps guide appropriate management strategies for traumatic head injury patients.
Summary:
A: Vasopressors can be used in traumatic head injury depending on the specific situation, and they are not always contraindicated.
B: While hypotension can worsen outcomes in traumatic head injury, this choice overstates the risk without providing context.
D: Identifying the cause of hypotension is crucial in managing traumatic head injury patients and should not be disregarded in favor of stabilizing the head injury.
How can folic acid supplementation prevent neural tube defects?
- A. By promoting spinal cord closure
- B. By preventing infections
- C. By enhancing fetal growth
- D. By regulating blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because folic acid supplementation plays a crucial role in promoting spinal cord closure during fetal development, preventing neural tube defects. Folic acid helps in the formation of neural tube structures, ensuring proper closure and preventing defects like spina bifida. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as preventing infections, enhancing fetal growth, and regulating blood sugar levels are not direct mechanisms through which folic acid prevents neural tube defects.
How does gestational diabetes impact fetal development?
- A. Causes macrosomia
- B. Leads to congenital anomalies
- C. Reduces fetal movements
- D. Increases risk of preterm birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia, which is excessive fetal growth due to high blood sugar levels in the mother. This occurs as the fetus receives excess glucose from the mother, resulting in increased fat deposition and larger birth weight. Congenital anomalies (B) are not directly caused by gestational diabetes but by genetic or environmental factors. Reduced fetal movements (C) are not a typical effect of gestational diabetes. While gestational diabetes can increase the risk of preterm birth (D), the primary impact on fetal development is macrosomia.