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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch system is activated when:
- A. There is an adverse event to a vaccine.
- B. The patient has a severe reaction that is noted in the 'Severe Reaction' section in the medication label.
- C. A lactating woman takes a medication that is potentially toxic to the breastfeeding infant.
- D. An adverse event or serious problem occurs with a medication that is not already identified on the label.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MedWatch reports new, unlabeled adverse events , beyond vaccines , known reactions , or lactation risks .
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A patient who has completed the first phase of a three-drug regimen for tuberculosis has a positive sputum acid-fast bacilli test. The nurse will tell the patient that
- A. drug resistance has probably occurred
- B. it may be another month before this test is negative
- C. the provider will change the pyrazinamide to ethambutol
- D. there may be a need to remain in the first phase of therapy for several weeks
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sputum negativity may take 2-3 months; positivity doesn't confirm resistance or prompt drug change . The goal is for the patient's sputum test to be negative 2 to 3 months after the therapy.
Brands of pancreatic enzyme replacement drugs are:
- A. Bioequivalent
- B. About the same in cost per unit of lipase across brands
- C. Able to be interchanged between generic and brand-name products to reduce cost
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatic enzymes vary in potency and aren't bioequivalent or interchangeable ; cost differs .
A patient presents with a complaint of dark stools and epigastric pain described as gnawing and burning. Which of the medications is the most likely cause?
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Estradiol
- C. Donepezil
- D. Bethanechol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bethanechol increases gastric acid, potentially causing gastritis or ulcers.
A 35-year-old male patient is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. He was originally being treated at home, but became worse when he quit taking his medicine. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Deficient knowledge: monitoring temperature
- B. Noncompliance
- C. Risk for injury related to office visits
- D. Non-adherence: overuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Noncompliance reflects the patient's failure to continue prescribed treatment, worsening his condition.
Patients prescribed aspirin therapy require education regarding the signs of aspirin toxicity. An early sign of aspirin toxicity is:
- A. Black tarry stools
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tremors
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is an early aspirin toxicity sign; black stools or vomiting are later.