Nokea
The volume of distribution (Vd) for a drug that is completely retained in the vascular compartment would be?
- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Unchanged
- D. Cannot be determined
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A drug confined to the vascular compartment (e.g., plasma) has a low Vd, close to plasma volume (about 0.06 L/kg), indicating limited distribution.
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Attenuated vaccines are also known as:
- A. Killed vaccines
- B. Booster vaccines
- C. Inactivated vaccines
- D. Live vaccines
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Attenuated vaccines are live, weakened forms, unlike killed/inactivated or booster-specific vaccines.
Which of the following is biguanide:
- A. Glibenclamide
- B. Metformin
- C. Acarbose
- D. Liraglutide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin is a biguanide that reduces hepatic glucose output.
A client is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse reinforces instructions for the client and tells the client that the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur is:
- A. 2 to 4 hours after administration
- B. 4 to 12 hours after administration
- C. 16 to 18 hours after administration
- D. 18 to 24 hours after administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Humulin NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin. The onset of action is 1.5 hours, it peaks in 4 to 12 hours, and its duration of action is 24 hours. Hypoglycemic reactions most likely occur during peak time.
In deciding which of multiple drugs used to use to treat a condition, the NP chooses Drug A because it:
- A. Has serious side effects and it is not being used for a life-threatening condition
- B. Will be taken twice daily and will be taken at home
- C. Is expensive, but covered by health insurance
- D. None of these are important in choosing a drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choosing a drug taken twice daily at home reflects practical considerations like adherence, outweighing side effects or cost alone . All factors matter (D is false).
You are designing a drug regimen for a patient. What should be considered?
- A. Quality-of-life issues
- B. Ethnicity of patient
- C. Gender
- D. Quantity-of-life issues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Quality-of-life issues ensure the regimen aligns with patient needs and tolerability, enhancing adherence.