Nokea
The woman with osteoporosis slipped on the ice and now her wrist hurts. If there is a fracture, what type of fracture is expected?
- A. Dislocation
- B. Open fracture
- C. Colles' fracture
- D. Incomplete fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Colles' fracture is common in osteoporosis-related wrist injuries.
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A 70-year-old alcoholic patient with acute lethargy, confusion, and incontinence is admitted to the hospital ED. His wife tells you that he fell down the stairs about a month ago, but 'he didn't have a scratch afterward.' She feels that he has become gradually less active and sleepier over the last 10 days or so. Which of the following collaborative interventions will you implement first?
- A. Place on the hospital alcohol withdrawal protocol.
- B. Transfer to radiology for a CT scan.
- C. Insert a retention catheter to straight drainage.
- D. Give phenytoin (Dilantin) 100 mg PO.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A CT scan is needed to rule out a subdural hematoma, which could explain the symptoms.
Patients who work in settings that require repetition of the same hand movements over a long period of time have an increased risk for which of the following disorders?
- A. Osteomyelitis.
- B. Osteoporosis.
- C. Carpal tunnel syndrome.
- D. Fracture of the overused area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Repetitive strain can lead to median nerve compression causing carpal tunnel syndrome.
Crutchfield tongs are inserted into Joe's scalp and 20 lb of weight are attached to the traction. The main goals of this treatment measure are to
- A. prevent head movement and reduce cerebral complications
- B. limit body movement and reduce edema
- C. immobilize the spine and reduce the fracture
- D. prevent development of autonomic dysreflexia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immobilization helps stabilize the spine and reduce fractures.
The Broca's area is located in the lobe:
- A. frontal
- B. parietal
- C. temporal
- D. occipital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frontal lobe is the correct answer because Broca's area, which is responsible for speech production and language processing, is located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe, typically in the left hemisphere. Damage to this area results in Broca's aphasia, characterized by non-fluent speech and difficulty forming sentences.
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
- A. endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
- B. upper and lower nervous systems
- C. spinal and extremity nervous systems
- D. central and peripheral nervous systems
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside the CNS. This division is fundamental to understanding how the body processes and responds to information.