Nokea
This blind tube is about 9 cm long, is filled with lymph nodules and attaches to the cecum. This blind tube is called the
- A. epiploic appendix.
- B. haustra.
- C. vermiform appendix.
- D. tenia coli.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: vermiform appendix. The vermiform appendix is a blind tube, around 9 cm long, filled with lymph nodules, and attaches to the cecum. This anatomical description matches the characteristics of the vermiform appendix. The epiploic appendix (choice A) refers to small fatty projections on the colon's surface, not a blind tube. Haustra (choice B) are the pouches along the colon's length, not a blind tube. Tenia coli (choice D) are the three bands of longitudinal muscle in the colon, not a blind tube. Therefore, the vermiform appendix is the correct answer.
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Salivary glands structurally are
- A. compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands.
- B. compound alveolar or acinar glands.
- C. compound tubular glands.
- D. simple branched alveolar or acinar glands.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands. Salivary glands are compound glands with both tubular and alveolar structures, allowing for both secretion and storage of saliva. The tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar structure allows for efficient production and release of saliva.
Incorrect choices:
B: Compound alveolar or acinar glands - Alveolar and acinar glands do not have the tubular structure required for efficient saliva production.
C: Compound tubular glands - Tubular glands lack the alveolar structure needed for storage and release of saliva.
D: Simple branched alveolar or acinar glands - Simple glands do not have the complexity needed for optimal saliva production and release.
Nurse Hannah is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention:
- A. A sedentary lifestyle and smoking.
- B. A history of hemorrhoids and smoking.
- C. Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure.
- D. Alcohol abuse and smoking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol abuse and smoking. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are well-established risk factors for peptic ulcers. Alcohol can irritate and damage the stomach lining, while smoking can increase stomach acid production and weaken the stomach lining. These factors can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.
Choice A (A sedentary lifestyle and smoking) is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor, a sedentary lifestyle is not directly linked to the development of peptic ulcers.
Choice B (A history of hemorrhoids and smoking) is incorrect because hemorrhoids are not a known risk factor for peptic ulcers.
Choice C (Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure) is incorrect because acute renal failure is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers, unlike alcohol abuse.
Probably the main reason why elderly people have antacids, Hâ‚‚ antagonists and proton pump inhibitors is because of the increase in ______ with age.
- A. Crohn's disease
- B. irritable bowel syndrome
- C. gastroesophageal reflux disorder
- D. colitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). As people age, they are more likely to experience GERD due to changes in the muscles of the esophagus and stomach, leading to acid reflux. Antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to alleviate symptoms of GERD by reducing stomach acid production. Crohn's disease (A), irritable bowel syndrome (B), and colitis (D) are not typically associated with aging and are not directly related to the need for these medications in elderly people.
When obtaining a nursing history from the patient with colorectal cancer, the nurse should specifically ask the patient about
- A. dietary intake.
- B. sports involvement.
- C. environmental exposure to carcinogens.
- D. long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: dietary intake. This is crucial in colorectal cancer management as certain dietary factors can influence the risk of developing or exacerbating the condition. High intake of red and processed meats, low fiber intake, and obesity are known risk factors. Asking about dietary intake helps assess the patient's risk profile and allows for tailored interventions.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Sports involvement is not directly related to colorectal cancer risk factors.
C: Environmental exposure to carcinogens may be relevant in other types of cancer, but it is not a primary risk factor for colorectal cancer.
D: Long-term use of NSAIDs is more relevant in preventing colorectal cancer rather than obtaining a history from a patient already diagnosed with the condition.
Which of the following is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen and fashioning a stoma?
- A. Continent ileostomy
- B. Colostomy
- C. Ileostomy
- D. Ileoanal reservoir
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Colostomy. A colostomy is an opening in the large bowel created by bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen to form a stoma. This procedure is typically done to divert stool in cases of colorectal diseases or surgeries.
A: Continent ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because a continent ileostomy involves creating a pouch inside the body to collect waste, rather than bringing a section of the large intestine out to the abdomen.
C: Ileostomy - This choice is incorrect because an ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine out to the abdomen to create a stoma, not a section of the large intestine.
D: Ileoanal reservoir - This choice is incorrect as it refers to a surgical procedure where the colon and rectum are removed, and a pouch is created from the small intestine to restore bowel function, not to create a stoma in the large bowel.