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This global program aims to end poverty and protect the planet?
- A. Center for Disease Control
- B. Sustainable development goal
- C. Millenium development goals
- D. World health organization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The global program that aims to end poverty and protect the planet is known as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The goals address a wide range of social, economic, and environmental challenges that the world faces, including poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and energy. By achieving the SDGs, countries can work together to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations.
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A pregnant woman presents with vaginal bleeding and passage of tissue at 10 weeks gestation. On examination, the cervix is dilated, and products of conception are visualized in the cervical os. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Ectopic pregnancy
- B. Threatened abortion
- C. Placenta previa
- D. Complete abortion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Complete abortion is the most likely cause of the symptoms described. In a complete abortion, all products of conception are expelled from the uterus. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue, and dilation of the cervix. In this scenario, the presentation of a dilated cervix with visualized products of conception is classic for a complete abortion at 10 weeks gestation.
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease presents with weakness, anorexia, and confusion. Laboratory tests reveal severe anemia, low reticulocyte count, elevated serum creatinine, and decreased erythropoietin levels. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
- A. Anemia of chronic disease
- B. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
- C. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
- D. Renal failure-associated anemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presenting with weakness, anorexia, confusion, severe anemia, low reticulocyte count, elevated serum creatinine, and decreased erythropoietin levels is most consistent with renal failure-associated anemia. In CKD, the kidneys are unable to produce adequate amounts of erythropoietin, a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. The decreased erythropoietin levels lead to a state of anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin levels and subsequent symptoms of fatigue and weakness. The anemia in renal failure is typically normocytic and normochromic. Additionally, the elevated serum creatinine in this patient is a hallmark of kidney dysfunction.
The nurse recognizes that a patient is exhibiting symptoms associated with a TIA. After what period of time does the nurse determine these symptoms will subside?
- A. 1 hour
- B. 12 hours
- C. 3 to 6 hours
- D. 24 to 36 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary disruption in blood supply to the brain. The symptoms of a TIA typically last for a short period of time, usually less than 1 hour. In some cases, the symptoms may last up to 24 hours but generally resolve within a shorter time frame. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize the symptoms of a TIA promptly and assess the patient for appropriate management to prevent the risk of a full-blown stroke.
Upon history-taking, the nurse notes that the cough of a patient with lung cancer usually STARTS off to be ___________.
- A. blood-tinged
- B. dark yellow sputum
- C. productive
- D. dry and persistent
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The cough of a patient with lung cancer typically starts off as dry and persistent. This is because lung cancer can irritate the airways, leading to a persistent dry cough as an early symptom. As the cancer progresses, the cough may become more productive with blood-tinged or dark yellow sputum. However, in the early stages, the cough is often dry and persistent, which can be a warning sign for healthcare providers to further investigate potential underlying issues such as lung cancer.
A 28-year-old woman presents with cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. On pelvic examination, tender nodules are palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be responsible for these findings?
- A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- B. Endometriosis
- C. Adenomyosis
- D. Leiomyomas (uterine fibroids)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis is a chronic gynecologic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, commonly on structures within the pelvis. The classic symptoms of endometriosis include cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and infertility. On pelvic examination, tender nodules or masses may be palpated along the uterosacral ligaments. These nodules are often referred to as "endometriotic implants" or "chocolate cysts." Endometriosis can cause inflammation, scarring, and adhesions in the pelvis, leading to symptoms such as pain and infertility. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovarian dysfunction and hormonal imbalances, often leading to irregular periods and symptoms related to excess androgens. Adenomyosis is the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium of the uterus, leading