Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

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This is a more accurate indicator of tissue perfusion. It represents the cardiac output in terms of liters per minute per square meter of body surface area. Its normal range is 2.4-4 L/min.

  • A. Cardiac Index
  • B. Stroke volume
  • C. Ejection fraction
  • D. Cardiac output
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac Index. Cardiac Index is a more accurate indicator of tissue perfusion as it takes into account the individual's body surface area, providing a more standardized measure. It is calculated by dividing the cardiac output by body surface area. This normalization allows for a more precise assessment of tissue perfusion compared to just cardiac output alone. The normal range of Cardiac Index is 2.4-4 L/min/m^2.

Summary:
- Choice B (Stroke volume) is incorrect because it is the volume of blood pumped out by the heart with each heartbeat, not accounting for body surface area.
- Choice C (Ejection fraction) is incorrect because it is the percentage of blood ejected from the heart's left ventricle with each heartbeat, not adjusted for body surface area.
- Choice D (Cardiac output) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the individual's body surface area, making it less accurate in assessing tissue perfusion.

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What is a condition where the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients?

  • A. Stroke
  • B. Heart attack
  • C. Pulmonary embolism
  • D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to brain tissue not receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. This can result in permanent brain damage or even death.

Choice B: Heart attack, involves a blockage in the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle, not the brain.

Choice C: Pulmonary embolism, is a blockage in the arteries of the lungs, not the brain.

Choice D: Pneumonia, is an infection in the lungs and does not directly involve the brain's blood supply.

In summary, a stroke specifically affects the brain's blood supply and can lead to serious consequences, unlike the other conditions mentioned.

Two weeks later, Mr. Cook returns with normal blood pressure readings. Your evaluation of this situation would be

  • A. since his blood pressure is normal, he no longer needs medication
  • B. since his blood pressure recordings are normal, he no longer needs to maintain his prescribed diet
  • C. his medication needs to be adjusted
  • D. the combination of weight loss and medication is effective
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Weight loss and medication contribute to effective blood pressure control.

The client on nitroglycerin patches reports dizziness when standing up. What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Advise the client to rise slowly to prevent dizziness.
  • B. Instruct the client to discontinue the nitroglycerin patches.
  • C. Encourage the client to rest and avoid physical activity.
  • D. Suggest the client take an over-the-counter antiemetic.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is A: Advise the client to rise slowly to prevent dizziness. Nitroglycerin patches can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness when standing up quickly. By advising the client to rise slowly, the nurse can help prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure and reduce the risk of dizziness and falls. This response promotes client safety and addresses the underlying cause of the symptom.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Instructing the client to discontinue nitroglycerin patches is not appropriate without consulting the healthcare provider. Abruptly stopping nitroglycerin can lead to serious complications.
C: Encouraging the client to rest and avoid physical activity does not address the issue of orthostatic hypotension caused by nitroglycerin patches.
D: Suggesting an over-the-counter antiemetic is not indicated for dizziness related to orthostatic hypotension. It does not address the underlying cause

Which term refers to the ability of the heart to initiate impulses repetitively and spontaneously?

  • A. Contractility
  • B. Excitability
  • C. Automaticity
  • D. Rhythmicity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Automaticity. Automaticity refers to the ability of the heart to generate electrical impulses spontaneously, without external stimulation. This allows the heart to initiate its own contractions independently of external influences. Contractility (A) refers to the ability of the heart muscle to contract in response to an electrical stimulus. Excitability (B) refers to the ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus. Rhythmicity (D) refers to the regularity of the heart's electrical impulses. Thus, C is the correct answer as it specifically addresses the heart's ability to generate impulses spontaneously.

Which order should the nurse question?

  • A. The addition of a loop diuretic with digoxin.
  • B. The addition of a beta blocker with digoxin.
  • C. A digoxin dose of 0.125 mg per day.
  • D. The addition of an ACE inhibitor with digoxin.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The addition of a beta blocker with digoxin. When combined, beta blockers can enhance the effects of digoxin, leading to an increased risk of bradycardia and heart block. This combination can also exacerbate digoxin toxicity. Therefore, the nurse should question the addition of a beta blocker with digoxin to prevent potential adverse effects.

Incorrect choices:
A: The addition of a loop diuretic with digoxin - Loop diuretics may lead to hypokalemia, which can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
C: A digoxin dose of 0.125 mg per day - This is within the recommended dose range for digoxin and does not pose a significant concern.
D: The addition of an ACE inhibitor with digoxin - ACE inhibitors are commonly used in combination with digoxin and do not typically interact negatively.

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