Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet Related

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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their cardiovascular system, maternity nurses should be aware that:

  • A. a pregnant woman experiencing disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia requires close medical and obstetric observation, no matter how healthy she otherwise may appear.
  • B. changes in heart size and position and increases in blood volume create auditory changes from 20 weeks to term.
  • C. palpitations are twice as likely to occur in twin gestations.
  • D. all of the above changes will likely occur.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding changes in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy.

A: Pregnant women with disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia, should be closely monitored as it can impact both the mother and the fetus, regardless of the mother's overall health status.

B: Changes in heart size, position, and blood volume lead to auditory changes from 20 weeks to term, which is important for nurses to be aware of in order to monitor the cardiovascular health of pregnant patients.

C: Palpitations are more likely to occur in twin gestations due to the increased demands on the cardiovascular system.

In summary, all the changes mentioned in choices A, B, and C are common occurrences in pregnancy and it is crucial for maternity nurses to be aware of them in order to provide appropriate care and education to pregnant patients.

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Appendicitis may be difficult to diagnose in pregnancy because the appendix is:

  • A. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the right.
  • B. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the left.
  • C. deep at McBurney point.
  • D. displaced downward and laterally, low and to the right.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The appendix is displaced high and to the right, beyond McBurney point.

Which time-based description of a stage of development in pregnancy is accurate?

  • A. Viability-22 to 37 weeks since the last menstrual period (LMP) (assuming a fetal weight >500 g).
  • B. Full Term-Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40
  • C. Preterm-Pregnancy from 20 to 28 weeks.
  • D. Postdate-Pregnancy that extends beyond 38 weeks.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Full Term-Pregnancy from the beginning of week 39 of gestation to the end of week 40. This is accurate because full-term pregnancy typically ranges from 39 to 40 weeks of gestation, which is considered the optimal time for a baby to be born in terms of development and health. Viability (Choice A) refers to the ability of a fetus to survive outside the womb and typically occurs between 22 to 37 weeks. Preterm (Choice C) describes a pregnancy that occurs before 37 weeks. Postdate (Choice D) refers to a pregnancy that extends beyond 40 weeks. Therefore, Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the full-term stage of pregnancy.

A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. The patient asks, “Why is
this happening?” What is the nurse’s best response?

  • A. "It is due to an increase in gastric motility."
  • B. "It may be due to changes in hormones."
  • C. "It is related to an increase in glucose levels."
  • D. "It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It may be due to changes in hormones." During the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen levels, can trigger nausea and vomiting. This is known as morning sickness. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms of nausea and vomiting.

Choice A (increase in gastric motility) is incorrect because nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are more commonly attributed to hormonal changes rather than an increase in gastric motility.

Choice C (increase in glucose levels) is also incorrect as there is no direct link between elevated glucose levels and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

Choice D (decrease in gastric secretions) is incorrect as there is no evidence to support that a decrease in gastric secretions causes nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

A woman's obstetric history indicates that she is pregnant for the fourth time and all of her children from previous pregnancies are living. One was born at 39 weeks of gestation, twins were born at 34 weeks of gestation, and another child was born at 35 weeks of gestation. What is her gravidity and parity using the GTPAL system?

  • A. 3-1-1-1-3
  • B. 4-1-2-0-4
  • C. 3-0-3-0-3
  • D. 4-2-1-0-3
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale for Answer B (4-1-2-0-4):
1. Gravidity: Total number of pregnancies - She is pregnant for the 4th time (G=4).
2. Term Births: Number of pregnancies reaching 37 weeks or more - She had 1 term birth (T=1).
3. Preterm Births: Number of pregnancies ending between 20-36 weeks - She had twins born at 34 weeks (P=2).
4. Abortions: Number of pregnancies ending before 20 weeks - She has no reported abortions (A=0).
5. Living Children: Number of living children - She has all her children from previous pregnancies living (L=4).

Summary of other choices:
A: Incorrect because it indicates 3 term births, which is not accurate.
C: Incorrect as it suggests 3 living children, which is not consistent with the scenario.
D: Incorrect due to incorrect number of preterm births and living

The uterus (also known as the womb) in the female reproductive system is located:

  • A. Posterior and superior to the urinary bladder
  • B. On the lateral side of the mammary glands
  • C. Posterior to the testes
  • D. Inferior to the vagina
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The uterus is anatomically located above and behind the urinary bladder in the pelvic cavity.

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