Nokea
Total-body irradiation is indicated for what reason?
- A. Palliative care
- B. Lymphoma therapy
- C. Definitive therapy for leukemia
- D. Preparation for bone marrow transplant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total-body irradiation destroys the immune system to prepare for bone marrow transplant, increasing complication risks until engraftment. It?s not used for palliative care, lymphoma, or leukemia as a primary treatment, which rely on other modalities.
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An adolescent will receive a bone marrow transplant (BMT). The nurse should explain that the bone marrow will be administered by which method?
- A. Bone grafting
- B. Intravenous infusion
- C. Bone marrow injection
- D. Intraabdominal infusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone marrow is administered via intravenous infusion, allowing stem cells to migrate to the recipient?s marrow for repopulation. Bone grafting, injection, or intraabdominal infusion are not used for BMT.
What chemotherapeutic agent is classified as an antitumor antibiotic?
- A. Cisplatin (Platinol AQ)
- B. Vincristine (Oncovin)
- C. Methotrexate (Texall)
- D. Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daunorubicin is an antitumor antibiotic that disrupts DNA replication. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent, vincristine is a plant alkaloid, and methotrexate is an antimetabolite, each with distinct mechanisms of action.
What side effect commonly occurs with corticosteroid (prednisone) therapy?
- A. Alopecia
- B. Anorexia
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Susceptibility to infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone cause immunosuppression, increasing infection risk. Alopecia is not a side effect, appetite increases rather than decreases, and gastric irritation occurs, not nausea and vomiting, which can be mitigated by taking with food.
After chemotherapy is begun for a child with acute leukemia, prophylaxis to prevent acute tumor lysis syndrome includes which therapeutic intervention?
- A. Hydration
- B. Oxygenation
- C. Corticosteroids
- D. Pain management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydration prevents acute tumor lysis syndrome by reducing metabolic complications (e.g., hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia) from cell breakdown during leukemia treatment. Oxygenation, corticosteroids, and pain management don?t address this syndrome directly.
Nursing care of the child with myelosuppression from leukemia or chemotherapeutic agents should include which therapeutic intervention?
- A. Restrict oral fluids.
- B. Institute strict isolation.
- C. Use good hand-washing technique.
- D. Give immunizations appropriate for age.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Good hand-washing reduces infection risk in myelosuppressed children by minimizing exposure to pathogens. Oral fluids are encouraged, strict isolation isn?t needed, and immunizations are ineffective or risky during immunosuppression.