Nokea
What statement related to clinical trials developed for pediatric cancers is most accurate?
- A. Are accessible only in major pediatric centers
- B. Do not require consent for standard therapy
- C. Provide the best available therapy compared with an expected improvement
- D. Are standardized to provide the same treatment to all children with the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pediatric cancer clinical trials compare the best current therapy (control group) with potentially better treatments (experimental group). They?re accessible beyond major centers, require consent for all therapies, and are tailored by disease type and stage, not standardized.
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Chemotherapeutic agents are classified according to what feature?
- A. Side effects
- B. Effectiveness
- C. Mechanism of action
- D. Route of administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.
The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. The childs granulocyte count is 600/mm3 and platelet count is 45,000/mm3. What oral care should the nurse recommend for this child?
- A. Rinsing mouth with water
- B. Daily toothbrushing and flossing
- C. Lemon glycerin swabs for cleansing
- D. Wiping teeth with moistened gauze or Toothettes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With granulocytes above 500/mm3 and platelets above 40,000/mm3, daily toothbrushing and flossing are safe and effective for oral hygiene. Water rinsing is inadequate, lemon glycerin swabs irritate and dry mucosa, and gauze/Toothettes are for lower counts.
A school-age child with leukemia experienced severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. What is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments?
- A. Administer the chemotherapy between meals.
- B. Give an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins.
- C. Have the child bring favorite foods for snacks.
- D. Keep the child NPO (nothing by mouth) until nausea and vomiting subside.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Administering an antiemetic like ondansetron before chemotherapy prevents anticipatory nausea and vomiting. Giving chemotherapy between meals doesn?t prevent nausea, favorite foods may cause aversions, and NPO status risks dehydration and discomfort.
In teaching parents how to minimize or prevent bleeding episodes when the child is myelosuppressed, the nurse includes what information?
- A. Meticulous mouth care is essential to avoid mucositis.
- B. Rectal temperatures are necessary to monitor for infection.
- C. Intramuscular injections are preferred to intravenous ones.
- D. Platelet transfusions are given to maintain a count greater than 50,000/mm3.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meticulous mouth care prevents gingival bleeding and mucositis in myelosuppressed children with low platelets. Rectal temperatures and intramuscular injections risk bleeding and infection, and platelet transfusions are typically given below 10,000/mm3 or with active bleeding.
A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. What approach should the nurse suggest that the parents try?
- A. Relax any eating pressures.
- B. Firmly insist that the child eat normally.
- C. Serve foods that are either hot or cold.
- D. Provide only liquids because chewing is painful.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Relaxing eating pressures and offering soft, bland foods with mouthwashes and anesthetics support nutrition in children with stomatitis and anorexia. Insisting on normal eating creates conflict, hot/cold foods may irritate mucosa, and liquids alone are insufficient.