Nokea
Chemotherapeutic agents are classified according to what feature?
- A. Side effects
- B. Effectiveness
- C. Mechanism of action
- D. Route of administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.
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What side effect commonly occurs with corticosteroid (prednisone) therapy?
- A. Alopecia
- B. Anorexia
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Susceptibility to infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Corticosteroids like prednisone cause immunosuppression, increasing infection risk. Alopecia is not a side effect, appetite increases rather than decreases, and gastric irritation occurs, not nausea and vomiting, which can be mitigated by taking with food.
Nursing care of the child with myelosuppression from leukemia or chemotherapeutic agents should include which therapeutic intervention?
- A. Restrict oral fluids.
- B. Institute strict isolation.
- C. Use good hand-washing technique.
- D. Give immunizations appropriate for age.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Good hand-washing reduces infection risk in myelosuppressed children by minimizing exposure to pathogens. Oral fluids are encouraged, strict isolation isn?t needed, and immunizations are ineffective or risky during immunosuppression.
An adolescent will receive a bone marrow transplant (BMT). The nurse should explain that the bone marrow will be administered by which method?
- A. Bone grafting
- B. Intravenous infusion
- C. Bone marrow injection
- D. Intraabdominal infusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bone marrow is administered via intravenous infusion, allowing stem cells to migrate to the recipient?s marrow for repopulation. Bone grafting, injection, or intraabdominal infusion are not used for BMT.
In teaching parents how to minimize or prevent bleeding episodes when the child is myelosuppressed, the nurse includes what information?
- A. Meticulous mouth care is essential to avoid mucositis.
- B. Rectal temperatures are necessary to monitor for infection.
- C. Intramuscular injections are preferred to intravenous ones.
- D. Platelet transfusions are given to maintain a count greater than 50,000/mm3.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meticulous mouth care prevents gingival bleeding and mucositis in myelosuppressed children with low platelets. Rectal temperatures and intramuscular injections risk bleeding and infection, and platelet transfusions are typically given below 10,000/mm3 or with active bleeding.
What pain management approach is most effective for a child who is having a bone marrow test?
- A. Relaxation techniques
- B. Administration of an opioid
- C. EMLA cream applied over site
- D. Conscious or unconscious sedation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conscious or unconscious sedation is most effective for managing pain during bone marrow tests, with relaxation, opioids, and EMLA as adjuncts. Sedation ensures comfort and minimizes distress during this invasive procedure.