Nokea
What chemotherapeutic agent is classified as an antitumor antibiotic?
- A. Cisplatin (Platinol AQ)
- B. Vincristine (Oncovin)
- C. Methotrexate (Texall)
- D. Daunorubicin (Cerubidine)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daunorubicin is an antitumor antibiotic that disrupts DNA replication. Cisplatin is an alkylating agent, vincristine is a plant alkaloid, and methotrexate is an antimetabolite, each with distinct mechanisms of action.
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A young child with leukemia has anorexia and severe stomatitis. What approach should the nurse suggest that the parents try?
- A. Relax any eating pressures.
- B. Firmly insist that the child eat normally.
- C. Serve foods that are either hot or cold.
- D. Provide only liquids because chewing is painful.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Relaxing eating pressures and offering soft, bland foods with mouthwashes and anesthetics support nutrition in children with stomatitis and anorexia. Insisting on normal eating creates conflict, hot/cold foods may irritate mucosa, and liquids alone are insufficient.
The nurse is administering an intravenous chemotherapeutic agent to a child with leukemia. The child suddenly begins to wheeze and have severe urticaria. What nursing action is most appropriate to initiate?
- A. Recheck the rate of drug infusion.
- B. Stop the drug infusion immediately.
- C. Observe the child closely for next 10 minutes.
- D. Explain to the child that this is an expected side effect.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wheezing and urticaria indicate an allergic reaction, requiring immediate cessation of the chemotherapeutic agent, withdrawal of remaining drug, and initiation of a saline infusion. Checking the rate, observing further, or dismissing as expected delays critical intervention.
Chemotherapeutic agents are classified according to what feature?
- A. Side effects
- B. Effectiveness
- C. Mechanism of action
- D. Route of administration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chemotherapeutic agents are classified by mechanism of action (e.g., antimetabolites block DNA synthesis). Side effects may be similar within classes but aren?t the basis for classification, effectiveness varies by cancer type and protocol, and route depends on pharmacokinetics.
What pain management approach is most effective for a child who is having a bone marrow test?
- A. Relaxation techniques
- B. Administration of an opioid
- C. EMLA cream applied over site
- D. Conscious or unconscious sedation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conscious or unconscious sedation is most effective for managing pain during bone marrow tests, with relaxation, opioids, and EMLA as adjuncts. Sedation ensures comfort and minimizes distress during this invasive procedure.
The nurse is caring for a child receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. The childs granulocyte count is 600/mm3 and platelet count is 45,000/mm3. What oral care should the nurse recommend for this child?
- A. Rinsing mouth with water
- B. Daily toothbrushing and flossing
- C. Lemon glycerin swabs for cleansing
- D. Wiping teeth with moistened gauze or Toothettes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: With granulocytes above 500/mm3 and platelets above 40,000/mm3, daily toothbrushing and flossing are safe and effective for oral hygiene. Water rinsing is inadequate, lemon glycerin swabs irritate and dry mucosa, and gauze/Toothettes are for lower counts.