Nokea
Treatment goals in prescribing should:
- A. Always be curative
- B. Be patient-centered
- C. Be convenient for the provider
- D. Focus on the cost of therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered goals prioritize individual needs and outcomes, not just cure , provider convenience , or cost alone .
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Alcohol should not be given with
- A. Sulphonamides
- B. Clonidine
- C. Reserpine
- D. Metronidazole
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metronidazole with alcohol causes a disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea).
Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine (Sudafed):
- A. Are Schedule III drugs in all states
- B. Should not be prescribed or recommended for children under 4 years of age
- C. Are effective in treating the congestion children experience with the common cold
- D. May cause drowsiness in patients of all ages
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pseudoephedrine is unsafe for children under 4 due to serious side effects; it's not Schedule III , variably effective in kids , or typically sedating .
A 60-year-old man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus is treated with pioglitazone. Which of the following phrases summarizes best this drug's main mechanism of action?
- A. Blocks intestinal carbohydrate absorption
- B. Causes glycosuria (increased renal glucose excretion)
- C. Increases hepatic gluconeogenesis
- D. Increases target tissue sensitivity to insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pioglitazone enhances insulin sensitivity in target tissues like muscle and fat via PPAR-gamma activation.
Which antiepileptic drug does not act as GABA agonist?
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Sodium valproate
- C. Diazepam
- D. Phenbarbitone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenytoin blocks sodium channels, not GABA-related.
The patient asks the nurse, Is it safe to take over-the-counter (OTC) medications with prescription medications? What is the nurse's best response?(Select one that does not apply.)
- A. OTC medications can interact with prescription medications.
- B. It is important to tell your doctor all medications you take, including OTC.
- C. OTC medications could mask or hide signs and symptoms of a disease.
- D. You should avoid taking any OTC medication when taking prescription drugs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC medications can interact with prescription medications or other OTC so it is always important to consult your pharmacist and provider for advice. To provide the most accurate instruction, the health care provider must know all medications taken including dietary supplements, OTC, and prescription. OTC medications could mask or hide symptoms of a disease so it is always important to consult a physician if symptoms persist. OTC medications are not prohibited when taking prescription drugs as long as no drug interaction occurs. How an OTC will impact a prescription medication varies depending on the medications involved, so it is incorrect to say it will make the prescription drug more effective.