Nokea
Tubular reabsorption
- A. eliminates wastes from the body
- B. occurs mostly in the distal convoluted tubule
- C. usually helps control blood pH by removing H+ from the filtrate
- D. returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because tubular reabsorption refers to the process of reabsorbing substances, including water, from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. This process occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubule and loop of Henle, not the distal convoluted tubule as stated in choice B. Choice A is incorrect because tubular reabsorption does not specifically eliminate wastes; that is the role of tubular secretion. Choice C is incorrect because tubular reabsorption does not directly control blood pH by removing H+ ions from the filtrate; that is primarily done through the kidneys' buffering systems. Overall, choice D is the most accurate as it reflects the primary function of tubular reabsorption in returning water back to the blood.
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- A. Miliary
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- C. Intestinal
- D. Renal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Meningeal tuberculosis. Corticosteroids are contraindicated in meningeal tuberculosis because they can suppress the immune response, leading to increased bacterial growth and dissemination in the central nervous system. For miliary, intestinal, and renal tuberculosis, corticosteroids can be beneficial in reducing inflammation and improving outcomes.
A patient with cancer of the bladder has just returned
- A. to the unit from the PACU after surgery to create an ileal conduit. The nurse is monitoring the patients urine output hourly and notifies the physician when the hourly output
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because after surgery to create an ileal conduit for bladder cancer, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess kidney function and ensure proper drainage. Hourly monitoring helps to detect any complications early. Choice B is incorrect as it does not provide any relevant information. Choice C is incorrect because monitoring urine output is essential postoperatively. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the immediate postoperative care needs of a patient with an ileal conduit.
The nurse is aware of which statement to be true regarding the incidence of testicular cancer?
- A. Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 30 to 50 years.
- B. The early symptoms of testicular cancer are pain and induration.
- C. Men with a history of cryptorchidism are at the greatest risk for the development of testicular cancer.
- D. The cure rate for testicular cancer is low.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Men with a history of cryptorchidism are at the greatest risk for the development of testicular cancer. This is because cryptorchidism, which is the condition of undescended testicles, is a known risk factor for testicular cancer. When the testicles do not descend properly, there is an increased likelihood of cancer development. This statement is true as individuals with cryptorchidism have a higher risk of testicular cancer compared to those without this condition.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Testicular cancer is not the most common cancer in men aged 30 to 50 years. Prostate cancer is more common in this age group.
B: The early symptoms of testicular cancer are not pain and induration. Common symptoms include painless testicular swelling or a lump.
D: The cure rate for testicular cancer is actually high, especially when detected early. This statement is incorrect.
A 23 year old pregnant woman has UTI and presents to the ER with fever, frequency and urgency. Which of the following antibiotics can cause potential harm to her fetus?
- A. Nitrofurantoin
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Gentamycin
- D. Cephalexin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is known to have potential harmful effects on the fetus, such as causing hearing loss and kidney damage. This is due to its ability to cross the placental barrier. Amoxicillin (B) and Cephalexin (D) are both considered safe for use in pregnancy and are commonly prescribed for UTIs. Nitrofurantoin (A) is typically avoided in the third trimester due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn, but it is considered safe earlier in pregnancy. Therefore, Gentamycin is the correct choice as it poses a higher risk to the fetus compared to the other antibiotics.
Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis?
- A. Diethylcarbamazine
- B. Albendazole
- C. Levamisole
- D. Piperazine
Correct Answer: A
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