Nokea
Two days after undergoing pelvic surgery, a patient develops marked dyspnea and anxiety. What is the first action that the nurse should take?
- A. Raise the head of the bed.
- B. Notify the health care provider.
- C. Take the patient’s pulse and blood pressure.
- D. Determine the patient’s SpO with an oximeter.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this situation, the priority action should be to notify the healthcare provider as the patient's symptoms could indicate a serious complication post-surgery. The healthcare provider needs to be informed promptly to assess and provide appropriate interventions.
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Which ion is formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on carbon dioxide and water?
- A. Sodium ion (Na+)
- B. Bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)
- C. Hydroxide ion (OH-)
- D. Potassium ion (K+)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Step 2: This reaction forms carbonic acid (H2CO3).
Step 3: Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and hydrogen ion (H+).
Step 4: Therefore, the ion formed as a result of the action of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 and H2O is the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-).
Summary:
- Choice A (Sodium ion) is incorrect as it is not involved in the reaction with carbonic anhydrase.
- Choice C (Hydroxide ion) is incorrect as it is not a product of the reaction but rather a different compound.
- Choice D (Potassium ion) is incorrect as it is not related to the reaction between carbon dioxide and water.
A nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the route of transmission of tuberculosis. The instructor concludes that the student understands this information if the student states that tuberculosis is transmitted by:
- A. Hand to mouth
- B. The airborne route
- C. The fecal-oral route
- D. Blood and body fluids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The airborne route. Tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing droplets containing the TB bacteria. These droplets can be inhaled by others, leading to the transmission of the disease. This mode of transmission is supported by scientific evidence and is well-documented in medical literature.
Choice A (Hand to mouth) is incorrect because TB is not typically transmitted through direct contact with contaminated hands to mouth. Choice C (The fecal-oral route) is incorrect as TB is not transmitted through fecal-oral route but primarily through respiratory droplets. Choice D (Blood and body fluids) is incorrect as TB is not commonly transmitted through blood or body fluids, but rather through respiratory droplets in the air.
Pneumotaxic center is
- A. Inhibitory
- B. Accelatory
- C. Activating
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibitory. The pneumotaxic center is located in the upper pons and functions to inhibit inspiration, preventing overinflation of the lungs. This helps regulate the respiratory rate and depth. The other choices are incorrect because the pneumotaxic center does not accelerate or activate breathing directly. It exerts its influence by inhibiting the inspiratory neurons in the medulla, thereby controlling the duration and frequency of inspiration. Choice D is incorrect as the pneumotaxic center does have a specific inhibitory function in the respiratory control system.
A male adult patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving pancuronium bromide (Pavulon), 0.01 mg/kg I.V. as needed. Which assessment finding indicates that the patient needs another pancuronium dose?
- A. Leg movement
- B. Finger movement
- C. Lip movement
- D. Fighting the ventilator
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fighting the ventilator. This indicates inadequate muscle relaxation, requiring another dose of pancuronium. Leg, finger, and lip movements are not reliable indicators of muscle relaxation in a mechanically ventilated patient. Fighting the ventilator suggests the patient is not adequately sedated or paralyzed, requiring further intervention to maintain optimal ventilation and oxygenation.
pharynx is a muscular tube with a length of
- A. 13cm
- B. 12cm
- C. Sinches
- D. both a and c
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 13cm. The human pharynx is typically around 13cm in length. This length allows for the proper passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the esophagus. Choice B (12cm) is incorrect as it is slightly shorter than the average length of the pharynx. Choice C (5 inches) is also incorrect as it does not correspond to the standard unit of measurement for medical lengths. Choice D (both a and c) is incorrect as 12cm and 5 inches are not equivalent lengths for the pharynx.