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Using the structural approach with a family in therapy, the therapist would:
- A. Try to change family principles that may be promoting dysfunctional behavior patterns.
- B. Strive to create change in destructive behavior through improvement in communications and interaction patterns.
- C. Encourage increase in the differentiation of individual family members.
- D. Promote change in dysfunctional behavior by encouraging the formation of more diffuse boundaries between family members.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the structural approach in family therapy focuses on improving communication and interaction patterns to create positive change in destructive behavior. This involves restructuring the family dynamics and roles to address underlying issues. Choice A is incorrect because changing family principles may not directly address specific behaviors. Choice C is incorrect as increasing differentiation alone may not target destructive behaviors. Choice D is incorrect as promoting diffuse boundaries can lead to further dysfunction rather than positive change.
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The child's ability to use language develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Language development accelerates in the preoperational stage (Piaget) with symbolic thought.
A nurse with a history of narcotic dependence is found unconscious in the hospital locker room after overdosing. The nurse is transferred to the inpatient chemical dependence unit for care. Which attitudes or behaviors by nursing staff may be enabling?
- A. Conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use.
- B. Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence.
- C. Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing.
- D. Providing health teaching about stress management.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use may enable the nurse's behavior by justifying or excusing the substance dependence. This attitude may inadvertently support the nurse's addiction by overlooking the need for accountability and treatment.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because:
B: Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence does not enable the behavior. It acknowledges the issue without excusing or enabling it.
C: Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing is not enabling behavior. It shows support and understanding without condoning the substance misuse.
D: Providing health teaching about stress management is not enabling behavior. It focuses on addressing the underlying issues rather than enabling or excusing the substance dependence.
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who is HIV positive. Which action should the nurse take when following standard precautions for protection from HIV exposure?
- A. Put on gloves before touching body fluids.
- B. Recap intramuscular needles after injection.
- C. Wash own open skin lesion after providing care.
- D. Remove one finger on a glove during venipuncture.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Put on gloves before touching body fluids. This is because wearing gloves is a standard precaution to prevent exposure to HIV through contact with bodily fluids. Gloves create a barrier between the nurse's skin and the patient's fluids, reducing the risk of transmission. Recapitulating needles (B) can increase the risk of needle-stick injuries. Washing own open skin lesions (C) is important for personal hygiene but does not prevent HIV transmission. Removing one finger on a glove (D) compromises the protective barrier and exposes the nurse to potential infection.
The theorist who believes in the collective unconscious is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Jung
- C. Abraham Maslow
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jung introduced the collective unconscious with archetypes.
Which of the following best describes a social gambler?
- A. Someone who gambles for the heightened thrill and needs higher bets to achieve the same feeling.
- B. Gambles for fun during new year gatherings.
- C. Believes gambling is a way to make money, similar to financial investment.
- D. Steals money to feed the gambling habit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social gambling is casual, recreational, and often tied to social events like New Year gatherings, without significant negative consequences.