validity stands for.
- A. accuracy
- B. reliability
- C. consistency
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.
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Identify the type of study design described: A random sample of middle-aged sedentary women was selected from four census tracts, and each subject was examined for evidence of osteoporosis. Those found to have the disease were excluded. All others were randomly assigned to either an exercise group, which followed a two-year program of systematic exercise, or a control group, which had no exercise program. Both groups were observed semiannually for incidence of osteoporosis.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Randomized controlled trial
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is a randomized controlled trial evaluating preventive measures.
Father of medical sociology
- A. Macintyre
- B. Hippocrates
- C. john snow
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alfred McClung Macintyre is considered the father of medical sociology.
Jakarta declaration 1997 is related to:
- A. RH
- B. Health promotion
- C. PHC
- D. Population development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Jakarta Declaration continued the focus on health promotion strategies.
A number of passengers on a cruise ship have developed a gastrointestinal illness. Your case definition should include, at a minimum:
- A. Clinical criteria, plus specification of time, place, and person
- B. Clinical features, plus the exposure(s) you most suspect
- C. Suspect cases
- D. The nationally agreed standard case definition for disease reporting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A case definition must specify clinical criteria and the context of time, place, and person.
Once a case definition for an outbreak investigation has been established, it should not be changed.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Case definitions may need adjustment as new information becomes available during an investigation.