Nokea
Variations in eye color are determined by the number of pigmented cells in the:
- A. Ciliary epithelium
- B. Iris epithelium
- C. Iris stroma
- D. Corneal stroma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Iris stroma. The iris stroma contains melanocytes, which are responsible for producing the pigmented cells that determine eye color. These pigmented cells give the iris its color by absorbing and reflecting light. The ciliary epithelium (choice A) is not involved in determining eye color. The iris epithelium (choice B) is mainly responsible for controlling the size of the pupil, not for determining eye color. The corneal stroma (choice D) is a layer of the cornea that primarily provides structural support and transparency to the eye, but it does not play a role in determining eye color.
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Discharge of pus or mucus from the uterus is called as:
- A. Dysmenorrhea
- B. Hypomenorrhea
- C. Metrorrhea
- D. Oligomenorrhea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Metrorrhea. Metrorrhea refers to the discharge of pus or mucus from the uterus. Dysmenorrhea (A) is severe menstrual pain, Hypomenorrhea (B) is abnormally light menstrual flow, and Oligomenorrhea (D) is infrequent or light menstrual periods. Therefore, based on the definition provided in the question, Metrorrhea is the correct term for the discharge of pus or mucus from the uterus.
Testosterone
- A. Boosts basal metabolic rate
- B. Influences behavior
- C. Increases bone density
- D. Increases skeletal muscle size and mass
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D is correct:
1. Testosterone is a key hormone for muscle growth.
2. It stimulates protein synthesis in muscles.
3. This leads to an increase in skeletal muscle size and mass.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Summary:
A: Testosterone does not directly boost basal metabolic rate.
B: Testosterone can influence behavior, but this is not the primary function discussed in the question.
C: Testosterone does not directly increase bone density.
Semen leaves the male body when the penis is erect and
- A. urination occurs
- B. evacuation occurs
- C. excitement occurs
- D. ejaculation occurs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ejaculation occurs. When the penis is erect, semen is released from the male body through ejaculation. During sexual arousal, the muscles contract, pushing semen through the urethra and out of the body. Urination (choice A) is a separate process controlled by the bladder, not related to semen release. Evacuation (choice B) refers to bowel movements, not semen release. Excitement (choice C) is a psychological state and does not directly lead to semen leaving the body. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the physiological process of semen leaving the male body during ejaculation.
Neonates that are kept in 100% oxygen incubators for several days become blind when they are removed from the incubator, a condition referred to as retrolental fibroplasia. What is the explanation for the loss of sight?
- A. The high concentration of oxygen stimulates the growth of fibrous tissue into the retina
- B. The high concentration of oxygen causes rupture of blood vessels in the retina, resulting in fibrous infiltration of the vitreous humor
- C. The high concentration of oxygen retards the growth of blood vessels in the retina, but when the oxygen therapy is stopped, the fall in oxygen concentration stimulates an overgrowth of blood vessels in the retina and vitreous humor, which later become densely fibrous and block the light from the pupil
- D. The high concentration of oxygen destroys the retinal neurons
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because high oxygen concentration in neonates suppresses normal blood vessel growth in the retina. When oxygen therapy is stopped, oxygen levels fall, triggering excessive blood vessel growth in the retina and vitreous humor, leading to fibrous blockage of light. Option A suggests fibrous tissue growth due to oxygen, which is incorrect. Option B inaccurately states that oxygen causes vessel rupture. Option D is incorrect as oxygen does not directly destroy retinal neurons.
A mother asks a nurse when her daughter should get immunized again for human papilloma virus (HPV). What is the nurse’s most appropriate response to this question?
- A. Your daughter does not need this immunization until she becomes sexually active.
- B. The recommended age for this immunization is between 25 and 30 years of age.
- C. Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization.
- D. When she begins having menstrual periods is the best time for this immunization.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Between the ages of 11 and 26 years is the recommended time for this immunization. The HPV vaccine is recommended for females aged 11-26 to prevent HPV infections, which can lead to cervical cancer. Starting vaccination early provides the best protection before potential exposure to the virus. Option A is incorrect as waiting until sexual activity can leave the individual vulnerable to HPV. Option B is incorrect as the recommended age range is 11-26, not 25-30. Option D is incorrect as the timing of menstrual periods is not a factor in determining when to get the HPV vaccine.