Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System

Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Related

Review Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System related questions and content

Verapamil is a drug used for treating hypertension. It should be used with caution with other drugs that can depress heart rate or contractility. Which drug, if given with verapamil, might therefore cause the greatest risk of depressing heart rate, contractile force, or impulse conduction?

  • A. Albuterol
  • B. Scopolamine
  • C. Propranolol
  • D. Isoproterenol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Propranolol. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can depress heart rate and contractility. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that also decreases heart rate and contractile force. When combined, both drugs can have an additive effect leading to a significant decrease in heart rate and contractility, potentially causing bradycardia or heart failure.

Albuterol (A) is a beta-2 agonist that actually increases heart rate and contractility. Scopolamine (B) is an anticholinergic drug that may decrease heart rate, but its effect is not as significant as propranolol. Isoproterenol (D) is a beta agonist that increases heart rate and contractility, so its combination with verapamil would not pose the same risk as propranolol.

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The nurse should observe the patient for symptoms of ketoacidosis when

  • A. illnesses causing nausea and vomiting lead to bicarbonate loss with body fluids.
  • B. glucose levels become so high that osmotic diuresis promotes fluid and electrolyte loss.
  • C. an insulin deficit causes the body to metabolize large amounts of fatty acids rather than glucose for energy.
  • D. the patient skips meals after taking insulin, leading to rapid metabolism of glucose and breakdown of fats for energy
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ketoacidosis is caused by a lack of insulin, which leads to the body breaking down fats for energy, producing ketones that cause metabolic acidosis.

What gland requires iodine in order to produce its hormones?

  • A. Adrenal cortex
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Parathyroid glands
  • D. Thyroid gland
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Thyroid gland. The thyroid gland requires iodine to produce its hormones, such as thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Iodine is a crucial component of these thyroid hormones. The other choices (A: Adrenal cortex, B: Pancreas, C: Parathyroid glands) do not require iodine for hormone production and are not involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland because it specifically relies on iodine for hormone synthesis, making it the only gland in the list that fits this criteria.

The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response.

  • A. Adrenal medulla
  • B. Pancreas
  • C. Adrenal cortex
  • D. Parathyroid
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that enhance the sympathetic response of the body. This response includes increased heart rate, dilation of airways, and increased blood flow to muscles. The other choices, B: Pancreas, C: Adrenal cortex, and D: Parathyroid, do not directly enhance sympathetic responses. The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, the adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone, and the parathyroid regulates calcium levels. Therefore, only the adrenal medulla directly contributes to the sympathetic response, making it the correct choice.

Which type of food remains in the stomach longest?

  • A. Carbohydrate
  • B. Proteins
  • C. Fats
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. Fats take the longest to digest due to their complex structure, requiring more time and effort for the stomach to break them down. This slow digestion process leads to fats staying in the stomach longer compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Carbohydrates are typically broken down relatively quickly, while proteins take longer than carbohydrates but are still processed more efficiently than fats. Therefore, fats remain in the stomach longest among the given options.

Muscarinic receptors can be stimulated by the following drugs EXCEPT:

  • A. Pilocarpine
  • B. Hyoscine
  • C. Acetylcholine
  • D. Neostigmine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoscine. Muscarinic receptors can be stimulated by Pilocarpine, Acetylcholine, and Neostigmine, as they are known agonists of muscarinic receptors. Hyoscine, also known as scopolamine, is an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, blocking their stimulation. This makes it the exception among the listed drugs.

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