Nokea
Verbal interventions with an agitated patient may be calming. These interventions include:
- A. Holding and reassuring the patient
- B. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient
- C. Remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance
- D. Standing close to the patient while talking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance is crucial when dealing with an agitated patient. This approach helps prevent escalating the situation and promotes a sense of safety. Holding and reassuring the patient (A) can be perceived as intrusive and may escalate the agitation. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient (B) can also be counterproductive as it may increase the patient's distress. Standing close to the patient while talking (D) can be perceived as threatening and may escalate the situation further. Thus, maintaining calm and keeping a safe distance is the most effective verbal intervention strategy.
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The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient who is self-monitoring blood glucose
- A. washes the puncture site using warm water and soap
- B. chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad
- C. hangs the arm down for a minute before puncturing the site
- D. says the result of 120 mg indicates good blood sugar control
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because choosing a puncture site in the center of the finger pad can lead to increased pain and potential nerve damage. Washing the puncture site with warm water and soap (A) is important for hygiene. Hanging the arm down before puncturing (C) can help with blood flow. Interpreting a blood sugar level of 120 mg as good control (D) is incorrect as it is above the normal range. By selecting the center of the finger pad, the patient risks causing unnecessary pain and nerve damage.
Which of the following is an example of an outcome measure in healthcare?
- A. Patient satisfaction scores
- B. Length of hospital stay
- C. Healthcare provider performance reviews
- D. Number of diagnostic tests ordered
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Patient satisfaction scores. In healthcare, outcome measures are indicators of the impact of care on patients' health. Patient satisfaction scores directly reflect patients' experiences and perceptions of their care, making it a relevant outcome measure. This measure assesses the quality of care provided and the effectiveness of healthcare services in meeting patients' needs and expectations. In contrast, options B and D are process measures that do not directly reflect patient outcomes. Option C, healthcare provider performance reviews, are more related to evaluating individual provider performance rather than overall healthcare outcomes.
When is the time to make people think about the routines that have been previously followed and to consider what might be a better plan of action?
- A. Collection of data
- B. Planning
- C. Analyzing data
- D. Identification
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. Planning is the stage where individuals evaluate existing routines, analyze data, and consider potential alternatives for better action. During planning, people reflect on past practices, identify strengths and weaknesses, and develop strategies for improvement. Collection of data (A) is essential for informed decision-making but doesn't necessarily involve critical reflection on routines. Analyzing data (C) focuses on interpreting and drawing conclusions from data rather than directly reevaluating routines. Identification (D) involves recognizing issues but doesn't inherently lead to considering better courses of action. Therefore, planning is the most appropriate choice for prompting people to think about improving their routines.
A client is having difficulty breathing while receiving supplemental oxygen via a nasal cannula in a supine position. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take first?
- A. Suction the client's airway.
- B. Instruct the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour.
- C. Assist the client to an upright position.
- D. Humidify the client's supplemental oxygen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Assist the client to an upright position. This is the priority intervention because placing the client in an upright position helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching. This position also reduces the risk of aspiration and improves overall respiratory function.
Choice A (Suction the client's airway) is not the first intervention because difficulty breathing in this scenario is more likely due to positioning rather than airway obstruction.
Choice B (Instruct the client to perform incentive spirometry every hour) is not the first intervention as it may not address the immediate issue of breathing difficulty related to supine positioning.
Choice D (Humidify the client's supplemental oxygen) is not the first intervention as lack of humidification is not likely the cause of the client's difficulty breathing in this situation.
Which theory views motivation as learning?
- A. Reinforcement
- B. Process
- C. Operant
- D. Conditioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reinforcement. Reinforcement theory views motivation as learning through the use of positive or negative reinforcement to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. By associating certain behaviors with rewards or punishments, individuals learn to be motivated to engage in those behaviors. The other choices, B: Process, C: Operant, and D: Conditioning, are incorrect because they do not specifically focus on motivation as a learned behavior through reinforcement. Process theory emphasizes cognitive processes, Operant theory focuses on shaping behavior through consequences, and Conditioning theory is a general term for learning through associations.